Failing arteriovenous dialysis fistulas: evaluation and treatment.

Abstract

A total of 31 patients with 45 episodes of failing arteriovenous dialysis fistulas was studied. Fistula failure was usually due to venous and/or anastomotic stenosis, often in conjunction with thrombosis. Abnormalities were treated by percutaneous dilation and occasionally streptokinase infusion. Most complications and failures occurred either in patients with recently created fistulas or in those with multiple or long segment stenosis associated with thrombosis. Patients with a single nonobstructing stenosis were very successfully treated with percutaneous techniques, which are the treatment of choice for this condition.

Urinary obstruction in renal transplants: diagnosis by antegrade pyelography and results of percutaneous treatment

“…Carbon dioxide was used as a contrast agent in all cases to identify anterior calices before the definitive puncture for nephrostomy drainage, and an anterior caliceal approach was used in all cases [4]. Initial nephrostomy catheter placement was either confined to the renal pelvis or done with internal-external ureteral stenting to the bladder.…”

Balloon Expandable Stents to Treat Central Venous Stenoses in Hemodialysis Patients

“…The clinical presentation of dialysis access failure is varied [8,9], Thrombosis is the most common presenta tion and is frequently the result of venous limb stenosis and resultant decreased blood flow. High venous resis tance measured during dialysis may be the first clue to impending access failure.…”

Systemic Streptokinase Infusion for Declotting of Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistulas

“…The most favored one is the subcutaneous radial artery-to-cephalic vein fistula in the distal forearm. Patency rates for those accesses are quite good and amount to 70-90% at 3 years [1][2][3]. However, thrombosis of the vascu lar access, which is the most frequent complication, may result in a complete loss of the fistula.…”