The onset of an electron parametric instability and 3/2 harmonic generation in variable-scale-length plasmas on solid surfaces using femtosecond pulses is observed. With the intensity approaching 10(18) W/cm(2), the instability threshold is already reached at plasma scale lengths of the order of the laser wavelength. A well-collimated harmonic emission with unusually broad spectrum is obtained.
Relatively small-scale laser-driven sources of short
wavelength radiation covering a range from the extreme
ultraviolet to the hard X-ray regime are now available.
Because the duration of the X-ray pulses is comparable
to, or shorter than the laser pulse width, it is possible
to carry out X-ray measurements with picosecond or femtosecond
time resolution.
Femtosecond / X-Ray / DiffractionFor a long time the capability to perform measurements with femtosecond time-resolution belonged exclusively to the domain of optics. However, in the last few years laser-driven X-ray sources have been developed which enable femtosecond time-resolution to be extended to the X-ray regime.
3/2 harmonic is generated by femtosecond pulses in a very steep-gradient plasma on solid surfaces. A well-collimated harmonic emission with high conversion efficiency (5 × 10−4) and an unusually broad spectrum is observed.
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