Introduction: Lead is a highly toxic non-essential metal. Children have a wide spectrum of subclinical and clinical effects due to lead exposure and lead poisoning. Objectives: To identify the extent of the problem of lead toxicity among children and its association with anthropometry, nutritional status and awareness about lead toxicity. Materials and Methods: Study population comprised children admitted in CSI Hospital as inpatients. Purposive sampling was done to enroll patients with no risk of lead exposure. A sample sizeof 100 was calculated using prevalence formula. Anthropometric and blood examinations were done along with knowledge, attitude and practices questionnaire to assess knowledge of caregivers about lead toxicity. Results: A total of 100 children were screened. The mean (standard deviation) blood lead level (BLL) was 7.1 (3.6). 18% of the children demonstrated BLLs of >10 ?g/dl. 19.3% of boys as compared to 15.8% girls had BLL >10 ?g/dl. 36.4% of children belonging to the lower socio-economic status had BLL >10 ?g/dl. The developmental quotient was inversely proportional to the measured BLL. Mean weight, height, and blood indices were lower in thechildren with BLL >10 ?g/dl. The knowledge regarding the adverse health effects of lead toxicity was very poor. Conclusion: Once the early toxic effects are detected before the onset of irreversible changes, the potential victims can be saved. So screening of children for lead toxicity should be made mandatory whenever doubt arises, and since knowledge regarding lead toxicity is poor among caregivers, awareness should be created through health education to the community.

Background: Short stature is a term applied to a child whose height is two standard deviations or more below the mean height for children of that gender and chronologic age.Familial short stature and Constitutional Growth delay are considered as normal variants, the pathological short stature includes a wide variety of underlying disorders.Chronic systemic disorders, malnutrition, chromosomal or endocrinal disorders lead to a proportionate short stature.While most of the disproportionate short stature are secondary to skeletal dysplasias or resistant rickets.Etiological evaluation plays an important role in identification of physiological as well as pathological causes of short stature.Subjects and Methods:All children of age between 2 and 18 years with height below 2 standard deviation of mean for age and gender were included in the study. Result:A total of 100 children were studied who fulfilled the criteria of short stature, out of which 61 children were male and 39 were female children.Present study showed that females had more pathological variants (72%) than males (46%) whereas males had more physiological variants (54%) than females (28%) with P-value: 0.011Hypothyroidism was more common in females than males with 28% and 8% respectively. Genetic syndrome was more common in females than males with 10% and 3% respectively. Conclusion:Etiological evaluation is of pivotal role in identification of physiological as well as pathological causes of short stature and also helps in modifying the course of stature by means of early intervention.

Background: Febrile seizures and Urinary tract infection (UTI) are the two common morbidities in children which are extensively studied, with prevalence ranging from 2-5% and 1-3% respectively. However, there is paucity of studies combining both morbidities especially in India. Objective: Primary objective of this study is to know the prevalence of Urinary tract infections in children with febrile seizures. Methods: Study includes 100 children with febrile seizures in the age group of 6months to 5 years after excluding neurological and congenital abnormalities. Complete urine examination, urine culture sensitivity and ultrasound abdomen were done in children with suspected UTI. Results: Mean age of presentation of febrile seizures is 34 months.89% children had generalised seizures. 9% cases had UTI with febrile seizures, 21.4% were infants. Conclusion: Urinary tract infection is one of the major etiological cause for febrile seizure in children, more common in infants.