No abstract

GABAC receptors are also involved in sleep-waking regulation. Since the sensitivity of GABAC receptors to GABA is much higher than that of GABAA and GABAB receptors, GABAC receptor modulators could be potential medications acting at low doses with fewer side effects.

Objective: To determine whether real-time video communication between the first responder and a remote intensivist via Google Glass (GG) improves the management of a simulated inhospital pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest (pCPA) before the arrival of the intensive care unit team.Design: Randomized controlled study.Setting: Children's hospital at a tertiary care academic medical center.Subjects: 42 first-year pediatrics residents.Interventions: Pediatrics residents were evaluated during two consecutive simulated pCPAs with a high-fidelity manikin. During the second evaluation, the residents in the GG group were allowed to seek help from a remote intensivist at any time, by activating real-time video communication. The residents in the control group were asked to provide usual care.Measurements and Main Results: The main outcome measures were the proportion of time for which the manikin received no ventilation (no-blow fraction) or no compression (no-flow fraction). In the first evaluation, overall no-blow and no-flow fractions were 74% and 95%, respectively. During the second evaluation, no-blow and no-flow fractions were similar between the two groups. Insufflations were more effective (p=0.04) and the technique (p=0.02) and rate (p<0.001) of chest compression were more appropriate in the GG group than in the control group.Conclusions: Real-time video communication between the first responder and a remote intensivist through GG did not decrease no-blow and no-flow fractions during the first five minutes of a simulated pCPA, but improved the quality of the insufflations and chest compressions provided.3

Paradoxical sleep in the rat, cat and mouse is preceded and sometimes followed by a short-lasting intermediate stage characterized by high-amplitude anterior cortex spindles and low-frequency hippocampal theta rhythm. Several neurophysiological arguments suggest that the intermediate stage corresponds to a brief functional disconnection of the forebrain from the brainstem. This paper is devoted to the review of quantitative and qualitative influences of three generations of hypnotics on the intermediate stage-paradoxical sleep couple. Barbiturates, first-generation hypnotics, extend the intermediate stage at the expense of paradoxical sleep. Three benzodiazepines are compared, two with a short half-life (triazolam and midazolam) and one with a long half-life (diazepam). They also decrease sleep occurrence latency and increase the intermediate stage at the expense of paradoxical sleep, except for midazolam, which increases both the intermediate stage and paradoxical sleep at low dose. Zolpidem and zopiclone, hypnotics of third generation, decrease paradoxical sleep but the intermediate stage never substitutes for paradoxical sleep. The results are discussed in relationship to the functional aspects of this turning-point period of sleep.

No abstract