The research developed was based on the design and optimization of a storm drainage network, with the objective of finding solutions to possible flooding events. For this purpose, three study areas of different topographic conditions were defined in the city of San Jose de Cucuta, Colombia, with an extension of 16.82 ha (high slope zone), 12.85 ha (medium slope zone) and 12. 10 ha (low slope zone); subsequently, a storm drainage network was designed for each of the study areas based on the current specifications of Colombian standards; the storm drainage network was modeled using the storm water management model software of the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States of America, a cost-benefit comparison was developed for the two alternatives. At the conclusion of the investigation, it was found that by elaborating the cost structure for the different conditions from both the initial and optimized designs, a savings of 17.8% was obtained in the high slope, 22.4% in the medium slope and 24.6% in the low slope, mainly in activities such as excavation and pipe diameters.
Drinking-water distribution systems are generally designed with methodologies based on trial-and-error tests, which generate feasible results. However, these trials are not the most economical and reliable solution since they do not consider the optimization of the network. For the present work, the hydraulic model of the drinking water distribution network of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia, was optimized by applying the concept of resilience rate and minimum cost. The development of the work consisted of the hydraulic modeling of the physical components of the network in EPANET software, as well as the application of calculations of the connectivity coefficient and the unitary power of each section. With the data obtained from the modeling and calculations, the physical parameters were optimized, and the cost-benefit ratio was estimated. It was found that the current drinking water distribution system does not have a power surplus to overcome a system failure. The optimization increased the total energy surplus of the network (261%) and the resilience rate (585%). Also, the connectivity coefficient was improved with an average value of 0.95. The hydraulic optimization methodology applied resulted in a network resilient to system failures.
The design and operation of sanitary sewerage systems are based on the knowledge of peak and the average daily wastewater flows. The maximum peak factor is obtained through the ratio of the maximum flow and the average discharge flow of wastewater generated in a system. In this sense, the maximum peak factor was estimated by monitoring wastewater flow in an urban sector of the city of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia. This urban sector represents 45.6% of the sanitary sewerage of the city. Stochastic modeling of the peak flow was performed, and a mathematical model was constructed to estimate the maximum peak factor using a correlational study using statistical methodology. Through linear regression analysis, a model was obtained that estimates the value of the maximum peaking factor based on knowledge of the average daily wastewater flow. The results indicate that the model is potential, and the expression is statistically significant and satisfies the assumptions established for the classical linear regression model.
The integration of mathematical models allows the simulation of the spatiotemporal behavior of water quality parameters of a river. The representation of reality and different scenarios through simulation makes it possible to know the variations in water quality of a receiving water source associated with liquid discharges. Therefore, for this study, the mathematical model QUAL2K was applied to simulate the water quality of the Magdalena River in the section that crosses the city of Barrancabermeja, Colombia. For this purpose, a database of hydro-climatological records from 1977 to 2020 was used. Among the analyses, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand were considered as water quality parameters. As a result of the initial data processing of the distribution tests and Kolmogorov goodness of fit, the best fit with the normal distribution was obtained for the estimation of flow rates. The concentrations of the water quality parameters dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand were represented in the mathematical model, which shows the dilution capacity of the pollutant loads of the wastewater, due to the high flow of the Magdalena River in the study section.
Estimating the amount of flow carried by the sanitary sewer system in a locality is essential for the design of new facilities. Having a record of the flow rates allows the adequate hydraulic design of a drainage system. The objective of this work is to determine the physical parameters for the estimation of the return coefficient that allows estimating the flow rates for the sanitary sewer of the La Chivera watershed, San José de Cúcuta, Colombia. In this sense, dry weather monitoring of the wastewater in the study area was carried out. The data collected in the field were used to construct the hourly flow variation curve or inflow hydrograph in the drainage system. The average hourly flow parameters were estimated with a value of 205.7 m3/h, a value recorded at the 11th hour of the day. Similarly, the average daily flow was determined with a value of 180.3 m3/h, while the maximum peak factor was 1.14. Finally, through the physical parameters of the sanitary sewer, the return coefficient was determined, which is 0.72, a value that represents the conditions of the study area.
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