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Summary The goal of the work presented here was to develop a simulation approach for studying the effects of materials and geometry on the performance of Li‐ion Solid State Batteries (SSB). Simulation provides the opportunity to explore, with ease, different material properties and cell geometries to optimize a Li‐ion SSB's performance. Simulations shown in this paper are time‐dependent and consider electrochemical reaction, heat transfer, the diffusion of Li‐ions and electrons in the electrolyte, and solid Li diffusion in the positive electrode. A 2D model was simulated and the results shown. The simulations were able to show discharge curves, heat flux, the concentration of Li‐ions, electrons, and solid Li at any time in the discharge cycle. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have gained significant attention in recent times due to their suitability for a wide variety of civil, military, and societal missions. Development of an unmanned amphibious vehicle integrating the features of a multi-rotor UAV and a hovercraft is the focus of the present study. Components and subsystems of the amphibious vehicle are developed with due consideration for aerodynamic, structural, and environmental aspects. Finite element analysis (FEA) on static thrust conditions and skirt pressure are performed to evaluate the strength of the structure. For diverse wind conditions and angles of attack (AOA), computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis is carried out to assess the effect of drag and suitable design modification is suggested. A prototype is built with a 7 kg payload capacity and successfully tested for stable operations in flight and water-borne modes. Internet of things (IoT) based water quality measurement is performed in a typical lake and water quality is measured using pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, and electrical conductivity (EC) sensors. The developed vehicle is expected to meet functional requirements of disaster missions catering to the water quality monitoring of large water bodies.

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Highly single-crystalline ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) nanoneedles were successfully grown on polycrystalline electrospun titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofibers for the first time by a combination of thermal annealing and electrospinning from RuO2 and TiO2 precursors. Single-crystalline RuO2 nanoneedles with relatively small dimensions and a high density on electrospun TiO2 nanofibers are the key feature. The general electrochemical activities of RuO2 nanoneedles-TiO2 nanofibers and Ru(OH)3-TiO2 nanofibers toward the reduction of [Fe(CN)6](3-) were carefully examined by cyclic voltammetry carried out at various scan rates; the results indicated favorable charge-transfer kinetics of [Fe(CN)6](3-) reduction via a diffusion-controlled process. Additionally, a test of the analytical performance of the RuO2 nanoneedles-TiO2 nanofibers for the detection of a biologically important molecule, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), indicated a high sensitivity (390.1 ± 14.9 μA mM(-1) cm(-2) for H2O2 oxidation and 53.8 ± 1.07 μA mM(-1) cm(-2) for the reduction), a low detection limit (1 μM), and a wide linear range (1-1000 μM), indicating H2O2 detection performance better than or comparable to that of other sensing systems.