Design of Amphibious Vehicle for Unmanned Mission in Water Quality Monitoring Using Internet of Things

Esakki, Balasubramanian; Ganesan, Surendar; Mathiyazhagan, Silambarasan; Ramasubramanian, Kanagachidambaresan; Gnanasekaran, Bhuvaneshwaran; Son, Byungrak; Park, Su Woo; Choi, Jae Sung

doi:10.3390/s18103318

Cited by 58 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The UAV 3D model was imported into the ansys (ANSYS) geometry module to create the outflow field. The outflow field was constructed with the dimensions of 5 × 5 × 3 m, and the three-dimensional solid model of the outflow field was obtained by a Boolean operation [38]. The grid of the outflow field was generated with the ICEM software [39,40].…”

Section: Governing Equations and Numerical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Response Surface Model of Endurance Time and Structural Parameter Optimization for a Tailsitter UAV

Yao

Liu

Han

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This study designed a vertical take-off and landing tailsitter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with a long endurance time. Nine parameters of the tailsitter UAV were investigated. Using a 2k full factorial test, 512 experiments on the nine parameters were conducted at their maximum and minimum values. The time coefficient and air resistance were calculated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method under different parameter combinations. The analysis of variance determined that the specific factors influencing the time coefficient and air resistance were the root chord, wingtip chord, wingspan, and sweep angle. By carrying out a central composite design (CCD) test, 25 sample points of the four particular factors were constructed. The time coefficient and air resistance were simulated under different structural parameter combinations using the CFD method. CFD simulation was verified by carrying out a wind tunnel test, and the results revealed that the aerodynamic coefficient error was less than 5%, while the air resistance error was less than 6%. The response surface methodology (RSM) for the time coefficient and air resistance was established using a genetic aggregation method. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) was used to optimize the parameters with regard to the maximum time coefficient and minimum air resistance. The optimal structural parameters were wing root chord length at 315 mm, wingtip chord length at 182 mm, wingspan length at 1198 mm, and sweep angle at 16°. Compared with the original layout and size, the time coefficient of the new design of the tailsitter UAV improved by 19.5%, while the air resistance reduced by 34.78%. The results obtained by this study are significant for the design of tailsitter UAVs.

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Section: Governing Equations and Numerical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Response Surface Model of Endurance Time and Structural Parameter Optimization for a Tailsitter UAV

Yao

Liu

Han

et al. 2020

Sensors

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show abstract

“…Besides the WSN, there is some off-line or point-to-point data acquisition performed for WARM applications. Many mobile sensor nodes are implemented by being mounted on autonomous vehicles such as floating boats [35], amphibious vehicles [36], UAVs [37], and underwater vehicles [38]. All of these require a considerable amount of electric energy for their mobility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LDAP: Lightweight Dynamic Auto-Reconfigurable Protocol in an IoT-Enabled WSN for Wide-Area Remote Monitoring

Rahman

Wahid

2020

Remote Sensing

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IoT (Internet of Things)-based remote monitoring and controlling applications are increasing in dimensions and domains day by day. Sensor-based remote monitoring using a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) becomes challenging for applications when both temporal and spatial data from widely spread sources are acquired in real time. In applications such as environmental, agricultural, and water quality monitoring, the data sources are geographically distributed, and have little or no cellular connectivity. These applications require long-distance wireless or satellite connections for IoT connectivity. Present WSNs are better suited for densely populated applications and require a large number of sensor nodes and base stations for wider coverage but at the cost of added complexity in routing and network organization. As a result, real time data acquisition using an IoT connected WSN is a challenge in terms of coverage, network lifetime, and wireless connectivity. This paper proposes a lightweight, dynamic, and auto-reconfigurable communication protocol (LDAP) for Wide-Area Remote Monitoring (WARM) applications. It has a mobile data sink for wider WSN coverage, and auto-reconfiguration capability to cope with the dynamic network topology required for device mobility. The WSN coverage and lifetime are further improved by using a Long-Range (LoRa) wireless interface. We evaluated the performance of the proposed LDAP in the field in terms of the data delivery rate, Received Signal Strength (RSS), and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). All experiments were conducted in a field trial for a water quality monitoring application as a case study. We have used both static and mobile data sinks with static sensor nodes in an IoT-connected environment. The experimental results show a significant reduction (up to 80%) of the number of data sinks while using the proposed LDAP. We also evaluated the energy consumption to determine the lifetime of the WSN using the LDAP algorithm.

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“…Recently, micro multi-rotor aircraft have developed rapidly due to the continuous improvement of technology in flight control. Micro multi-rotor aircraft have been widely employed in military and civil fields due to their simple configuration, high safety and convenient operation [1][2][3][4][5]. Compared with the traditional rotorcraft, they have a large increase in payload due to the increase in the number of rotors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Micro Multi-Rotor Aircraft with 12 Rotors Considering the Horizontal Wind Disturbance

2020

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Wind disturbance posed difficulties for the stability of the micro air vehicles (MAVs) with attitude variation. In this paper, the aerodynamic performance of a MAV with six coaxial rotor pairs considering the horizontal wind is investigated by both experiments and numerical simulations. First, the effect of the horizontal wind on the multi-rotor aircraft is analyzed in detail. Then, low-speed wind tunnel tests were performed to obtain the thrust and power consumption and the aerodynamic performance of the multi-rotor aircraft (l/D = 1.2 and h/D = 0.19) with the rotational speed of 1500–2300 r/min in the horizontal wind ranged from 0 to 5 m/s. Finally, the distribution of streamline, the pressure of the blade tip, and the velocity and the vortices in the flow field of a multi-rotor aircraft with horizontal wind disturbance, were simulated and studied using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. Through the comparison of experimental results and simulation results, it can be seen that the horizontal wind disturbance will increase power consumption to weaken the aerodynamic performance at higher rotor speeds. However, larger thrust and better hover performance are obtained at lower rotational speeds with good wind resistance. Additionally, due to the mutual induction between rotor wakes, the interactions of downwash flows become more intense at higher rotational speeds or larger wind speeds where the vortexes at the blade tip deformed and moved along with the wind.

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Design of Amphibious Vehicle for Unmanned Mission in Water Quality Monitoring Using Internet of Things

Cited by 58 publications

References 19 publications

Development of Response Surface Model of Endurance Time and Structural Parameter Optimization for a Tailsitter UAV

Development of Response Surface Model of Endurance Time and Structural Parameter Optimization for a Tailsitter UAV

LDAP: Lightweight Dynamic Auto-Reconfigurable Protocol in an IoT-Enabled WSN for Wide-Area Remote Monitoring

Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Micro Multi-Rotor Aircraft with 12 Rotors Considering the Horizontal Wind Disturbance

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