An immunomagnetic separation method using antibody-coated Dynabeads Protein G was developed for specific and efficient separation of in lettuce and whole milk. The amount of immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) and conjugation conditions were optimized. A high capture efficiency was obtained with 0.4 mg of IMBs, an immunoreaction time of 20 min, and a separation time of 1 min without wash. Under optimal conditions, the capture efficiency (CE) for 10-10 CFU/mL of was higher than 91.46%. The IMBs showed high specificity even with a high constant number (10 CFU/mL) of ,, and . The CE of IMBs against at concentrations from 10 to 10 CFU/mL ranged from 78.70 to 94.77% for lettuce and 60.0 to 73.27% for milk samples. This IMS can be an appropriate selection for combining with bacterial detection method or efficient isolation procedure for from foods.
The fire safety assessment procedure of ships and offshore structures can be briefly described as a procedure for assessing safety by defining fire loads according to accident scenarios and analyzing their effects on the structure. In general, safety is reviewed via the temperature criteria of the structures under fire loads, and it is assessed in more detail via thermal-structural analysis, which combines fire simulation-heat transfer analysis with structural analysis in the design stage. Therefore, the accuracy of the thermal-structural analysis is crucial for reliable fire safety assessment, and the most applied method for validating the accuracy is to compare with the experimental results.Although fire experiments have been conducted by many researchers to analyze the characteristics of flames and heat transfer of steel members, constructing the temperature-dependent material property data, verifying the fire resistance performance of the structure itself, developing and validating numerical models, including other experiments have been conducted from the perspective of fluids with a primary focus on measuring gas and steel surface temperatures. On the other hand, fire experiments from the perspective of structure, which measure the displacement of a structure under fire load, were conducted mainly in limited environments such as inside a furnace because it was difficult to measure displacement in a high-temperature environment with a mixture of flames and smoke, as well as controlling the heat of the fire source. In addition, fire experiments conducted in open space have been seldom carried out. The British Steel Corporation (BSC) has summarized standard fire experiment results for structures such as steel beams and columns (Wainman and Kirby, 1988;Wainman et al., 1990). Cong conducted a furnace fire experiment on an I-beam, which is widely used as structural members for offshore structures, under mechanical loads to measure the steel surface temperature and vertical displacement. The vertical displacement was then measured by linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) installed on top of the specimen exposed to the exterior parts of the furnace (Cong et al., 2005). The results obtained from this experiment have been widely used by other researchers to develop numerical analysis techniques (Kim, 2014;Kim et al., 2017).In addition to steel, fire experiments have also been conducted on sandwich panel structures made of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP)
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