Conflicts of interests have been hypothesized when agricultural advisory services are connected to agri-input businesses. However, these have not been examined using large sets of advisory service and grower data. We provide quantitative insights into dependencies between service, crop production, sustainability and the level of agri-input business-linkage of extension workers. We analyzed 34,000+ prescription forms (recommendations) issued to growers in China, as well as grower interview data. Results revealed some conflicts of interest, but to a small extent and not always as expected. Both forms of advisory service (with and without business-linkages) heavily emphasize chemical pest management. However, grower interviews revealed that business-linked advisors recommend pesticides even 18% more often than non-business-linked advisors do (96% vs. 78% of advice). This advice was also often implemented (94% and 90% uptake). There is a slightly higher chance that dangerous pesticides are being recommended by business-linked advisors (0.4% vs. 0.14%), but these advisors recommended antibiotics less frequently (1.6% vs. 2.5%). No effects of the source of advice on yields or grower profits were found. Thus, there is no apparent economic disadvantage of growers taking advice from business-linked advisors. However, if pesticide use is a concern for human health and the environment, then the increased use of such products may further exacerbate existing problems. Depending on national priorities, countries may re-consider moving away from governmental extension services, and more closely analyze the advantages of promoting agri-business-linked advisory services (no public funds, better outreach) versus the disadvantages (slightly higher pesticide risks).
This paper discusses several new mechanisms that may be used in prostate cancer seed implant robotics. Aiming at the limitation of human body structure space, and in order to improve robotic kinematic dexterity and execution efficiency. We have developed an articulated seed implantation robot with three-dimensional transrectal ultrasound navigation. It is noteworthy that the organization will produce displacement, deformation and needle tip deflection and other issues while needle inserting prostate. In order to improve positioning accuracy of robot to control the puncture needle, a piezoelectric vibration and rotation needle insertion device is designed and developed. Based on the evaluation experiment of vibration and rotation needle insertion, a high accuracy mixed needle insertion strategy is proposed and the corresponding control software is designed. Finally, the insertion force evaluation experiment is completed by mixed needle insertion strategy, and the experimental results validate the effectiveness of this method.
In this paper, a tower solar collector-aided coal-fired power generation (TSCACPG) system is proposed and studied in order to save the fossil energy and protect the environment. The integration scheme of tower solar collector and conventional coal-fired power plant is proposed. Based on the simulation platform TRNSYS, the TSCACPG system model is established and the dynamic performance of the TSCACPG system with the operating mode of coal saving is studied. The TSCACPG system performances of 1 day and 1 year are all discussed by using the DNI data of typical year in Chinese typical city of Dunhuang. Then, the sensitivity analysis of the TSCACPG system is carried out by changing the heliostat field scale (the size of the molten salt tower also changes accordingly). The annual performance of the TSCACPG system is also acquired. In consideration of the economic costs, the heliostat field area with the maximum annual solar-to-electric efficiency is selected as the optimal value. The results show that, for the case studied, the optimal heliostat field area is 101,400 m 2 , and the maximum annual solar-to-electric efficiency is 16.74%. And under the optimal situation, the standard coal consumption rate of the original coal-fired power plant is reduced from 301.5 g/kWh to 294.5 g/kWh.39
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