Objective: To evaluate the genetic association of glutathione S transferase M1 and glutathione S transferase T1 genes insertion/deletion polymorphism with the risk of colorectal cancer. Method: This case-control study was conducted March 2018 and November 2019 at the University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan, and comprised blood samples from colorectal cancer patients and age- and gender-matched controls. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from blood samples, and glutathione S transferase M1 and glutathione S transferase T1 genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction at the Institute of Radiation and Nuclear Medicine, Peshawar. Data regarding age, gender, location, smoking status, cancer stage and node involvement was collected on a predesigned proforma. Data was analysed using Minitab 17. Results: The frequency of glutathione S transferase M1 was was significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk (p<0.01), while glutathione S transferase T1 null genotype showed non-significant association (p<0.43). The association between the combined deletion of glutathione S transferase M1 and glutathione S transferase T1 polymorphism and the colorectal risk was significant (p=0.011). Glutathione S transferase M1 and glutathione S transferase T1 deletions had non-significant association with age, smoking status, dwelling and tumour location (p>0.05) when compared with the wild genotypes in colorectal cancer cases. Conclusion: Glutathione S transferase M1 gene deletion was found to be associated with the risk of colorectal cancer development. Key Words: Colorectal cancer, Detoxification, GSTM1, GSTT1, Polymorphism. Continuous...
Objectives: To investigate infertility issues in Females and males due to sex hormones imbalance, Estimation of FSH, LH, Estradiol level in females infertile and Testosterone level in infertile males and females.Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted at reproductive physiology/health, public health laboratory division, national institute of health Islamabad from December 2015 to September 2017. Study was carried out on 60 male and 60 female infertile patients. FSH, LH, estradiole were estimated for females and testosterone for males by Immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Data was analyzed by SPSS 16.Results: Biochemical parameters for female population showed that 16.67% of sampled women indicated FSH level <4.5-11mIU/Ml while 40% with FSH level > 4.5-11mIU/Ml and 43.33% fall within normal range i.e., 4.5-11mIU/Ml. In the same manner, 10% of sampled female population was indicated with LH levels <2.12mlU/Ml, 36.57% with >10.89mlU/Ml and 53.33% within normal range i.e., 2.12-10.89mIU/Ml. Similarly, 30% women showed estradiol levels <40.7pg/ml while 16.67% were with >220.4pg/ml and 53.33% were found within normal range i.e., 40.7-220.4pg/ml. While the most common cause of male infertility by hormonal imbalance is due to either increased or decreased level of testosterone. 36.67% of sampled males indicated testosterone level less than normal i.e. <1.68ng/ml while 48.33% with testosterone level >7.81ng/ml and 15.00% fall within normal range i.e., 1.68-7.81ng/ml. Conclusion:We concluded from our study that the most common cause of female infertility by hormonal imbalance is due to either increased or decreased level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) followed by estradiole and leutinizing hormone (LH). While the most common cause of male infertility by hormonal imbalance is due to either increased or decreased level of testosterone.
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