Various subspecies of Bacteroides melaninogenicus differ in their pigmentation. Subsp. asaccharolyticus produces protohaem almost exclusively, subsp. intermedicus both protohaem and a smaller proportion of protoporphyrin, and subsp. melaninogenicus mainly protoporphyrin with a trace of protohaem. As a consequence young colonies can be differentiated by their red fluorescence in u.v. light (365nm): subsp. asaccharolyticus does not fluoresce, subsp. intermedicus shows a limited fluorescence, and subsp. melaninogenicus shows a bright fluorescence. The pigments were isolated as the dimethyl esters of protohaemin and of protoporphyrin and identified by electronic spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and comparisons by t.l.c. Incorporation of delta-aminolaevulinate into these pigments was not detected, nor was porphobilinogen formation observed. Subsp. melaninogenicus grown in the presence of [14C]protohaemin formed [14C]protoporphyrin. This appears to represent a novel biological demetallation.

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Organic chemistry Z 0200 Advancements in Syntheses of Carbazole and Its Derivatives -[107 refs.]. -(YAQUB, G.; HUSSAIN, E. A.; REHMAN, M. A.; MATEEN, B.; Asian J. Chem. 21 (2009) 4, 2485-2520; Dep. Chem., Lahore Coll. Women Univ., Lahore 54000, Pak.; Eng.) -Lindner 38-232

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In this study, Ni (II) biosorption capacity of immobilized cells of Bacillus sp. was investigated. Biosorption of Ni (II) was carried out in batch experiments and the important environmental conditions were optimized. The uptake of metal was rapid, and equilibrium was attained within 270 min. Bacillus strains (ten cultures) were isolated from nickel electroplating effluent by heat shock method. These isolates were grown up in nutrient broth supplemented with Ni (II)(50 mg/L). The culture, exhibiting maximum biosorption capacity (qmax: 118 mg/g), was selected and labeled Bacillus Bio‐4. In order to develop an economical biosorption process cell mass of Bacillus, Bio‐4 was immobilized in Na‐alginate. It was concluded from the results that biosorption of nickel is highly dependent on the type of sorbent and experimental conditions employed. Our results demonstrate that 6.0 mg immobilized cells (18 mg cell biomass in 3.0 mL of 1% Na alginate) had a maximum biosorption capacity of 113 mg Ni(II) per liter of suspension at pH 8.0, 100 rpm and 25°C. The Ni (II) removal was estimated to be 97.4%.