The Liquid smoke can be use for food preservation, be obtained from pyrolysis of materials containing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The form of liquid smoke that has the ability to preserve,for their phenolic compounds,acids and carbonyl. The purpose of this research is to know the quality of liquid smoke from process of charcoal the biomass obtained from rotary pyrolysis carbonisator as fish preservative, the effect of liquid smoke on the chemical and organoleptic properties of fish, and the resilience of fish after being given smoke liquid. The metode of experiments with skin biomass of durian, coconut shell, and palm shell. Biomass is dried, then is burned in rotary carbonisator pyrolysis. The results ofthe process are namely liquid, tar and charcoal smoke. Next, Liquid smoke is precipitated and then it is distilled twice, namely ordinary distillation and vacuum distillation. Results combustion produces liquid smoke with a yield of 19% on the skin of durian, 23.6% on coconut shell, and 20.8% on palm shells. Organoleptic test results on the fish with the addition of liquid smoke from the skin of durian with a concentration of 5 % is most preferred by the panellists in terms of color, aroma, flavor, and texture.
The Government of Indonesia has done some efforts to overcome energy crisis nationwide. Among them by issuing a policy as the Foundation for the development and improvement of the capacity of providing energy. The Government has issued a presidential instruction number 10 of the year 2005 on energy savings and last Presidential Instruction No. 2 of the year 2008 about saving energy and water. One of the implementation efforts of this energy crisis is overcome with effort saves energy consumption on the air conditioning with develop hybrids air conditioning, namely as the air conditioner at the same time to the water heating. This research is a new technology for energy saving of electricity. The purpose of this research is to produce a prototype of a hybrid energy efficient refrigeration machine that can be function simultaneously as the engine room air conditioner at the same time water heaters. Specific research targets to be achieved is the realization of a prototype of a hybrid air conditioning engine capacity 1.5 PK which can save energy around 60%. The method of research is the planning, creation, testing the performance of air conditioning machines of compression cycle steam hybrid.
The use of Hydroxyapatite as bone graft material continues to increase. To utilize hydroxyapatite, it is often formed into biocomposite. The formation of hydroxyapatite biocomposite intended to address the fragile hydroxyapatite weaknesses. The added element in the formation of this biocomposite is borosilicate. Mixing of this material is arranged with certain composition using ball miling. To form a test specimen, it was printed with compacting force of 5 KN, 15 KN and 25 KN. Test results Compressive Strength.and XRD showed that addition of borosilicate did not change the compound that is hydroxyapatite, but the intensity of hydroxyapatite tends to decrease with addition of borosilicate amount, this is corroborated by FTIR testing. For visible compressive strength, the maximum value occurs at 75: 25 compositions, ie 45 MPa, 42.9 MPa and 52.3 MPa. This suggests that the addition of borosilicate in biocomposite formation does not alter hydroxyapatite compound and can generally increase the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity to 25% wt% borosilicate addition.
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