<p>Changes in land use are closely related to the increasing number of people who are increasing from time to time. This land use change has an impact on increasing the runoff coefficient because the rain that falls will not be retained or seep and flows directly into the river. This is what causes an increase in peak discharge in a watershed. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of changes in peak discharge that occurred in the Serenan watershed in 2015 and 2021 due to changes in land use. The method used in analyzing the peak discharge is the Snyder unit hydrograph, the results of this method will be compared with the measured unit hydrograph to determine the correlation between the two. To make a synthetic unit hydrograph, non-physical parameters are needed in the form of Ct and Cp values. The Ct value used in 2015 was 2.30 and in 2021 it was 2.00 while the Cp value in 2015 was 0.90 and in 2021 it was 1.10. The results of the analysis using the Snyder method showed that the peak discharge was 139.61 m3/s in 2015 and 194.56 m3/s in 2021. The analysis shows that the peak discharge increased by 54.95 m3/s and has a very strong correlation with the hydrograph of the measured unit. </p>
Pengetahuan tentang perawatan jenazah sesuai sunnah masih kurang dipahami oleh sebagian masyarakat. Masyarakat di desa biasanya lebih menggantungkan prosesi perawatan jenazah kepada seorang modin. Kendala sering terjadi bila modin tidak berada ditempat saat ada orang meninggal sehingga perawatan jenazah agak tertunda. Kebiasaan di masyarakat dalam prosesi pemakaman juga masih dipengaruhi oleh adat yang kurang selaras dengan ajaran agama. Bangunan makam di area dengan elevasi yang lebih tinggi biasanya memerlukan bangunan penahan tanah untuk mencegah longsor. Fasilitas pendukung pemakaman, seperti keranda dan tempat memandikan jenazah, terkadang tidak layak. Latar belakang tersebut yang mendasari dilaksanakannya program pengabdian masyarakat di Kampung Kadirojo, Desa Jamus Kauman, Kecamatan Ngluwar, Kabupaten Magelang, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi kepada warga masyarakat tentang perawatan jenazah sesuai sunah, membantu desain keranda jenazah, serta merencanakan & menstimulasi pembangunan dinding penahan tanah area pemakaman. Metode penyampaian dalam edukasi perawatan jenazah dilakukan dengan paparan dan tanya jawab tentang materi cara memandikan, cara mengkafani, dan cara menguburkan jenazah. Perancangan / desain keranda jenazah & dinding penahan tanah dilakukan oleh Tim Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Kegiatan kajian pembimbingan jenazah telah dilaksanakan pada tanggal 25 Juli 2020. Warga sangat antusias dengan kegiatan dan berharap kegiatan pengabdian dapat secara kontinyu dilaksanakan. Hasil desain keranda jenazah telah disampaikan ke ketua rukun kampung. Stimulasi dana dari LP3M UMY berhasil menggugah pendanaan swadaya masyarakat dalam pembangunan dinding penahan tanah. Proses pembangunan tertunda karena pandemi virus Covid-19.
Pengelolan SPAMDes Tirtosari masih memperhitungkan biaya operasional dan harga pokok produksi berdasarkan perkiraan dan kesepakatan bersama, belum mempertimbangan biaya produksi. Metode full costing untuk memperhitungkan harga pokok produksi, kemudian digunakan metode cost plus pricing dan rumus berdasarkan Permendagri Nomor 71 Tahun 2016 untuk menentukan harga jual air. Dari hasil analisis, biaya operasional terbesar terjadi pada tahun 2018 yaitu sebesar Rp. 64.273.209. Selain itu diperoleh nilai harga jual air per m 3 yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan harga pokok produksinya. Seperti pada tahun 2022, harga pokok produksi yang dihasilkan sebesar Rp. 1.899 dan harga jual yang dihasilkan sebesar Rp. 2.713. Hasil perhitungan harga jual air per m 3 yang mengacu pada metode cost plus pricing dan Permendagri Nomor 71 Tahun 2016 dengan menambahkan nilai laba pada perhitungannya juga menunjukkan nilai yang lebih besar dibanding harga pokok produksi air yang telah dihitung sebelumnya yaitu berkisar antara Rp. 3.940 -Rp. 9.158. Jika perusahaan menetapkan harga jual air sesuai hasil perhitungan, maka perusahaan sudah mampu untuk menutupi biaya operasional air serta mendapatkan laba.
Drainage isasewer system in an areathat serves todrain excess rainfall. Initially, an artificial drainage channel could absorb water because the drainage channel is made from landorland with grass. Negative impacts frequently occurrence on the channel walls that are eroded by water see page. While the current drainage channel is impermeable, making direct runoff flows rapidly into water bodies. Land use is increasingly impermeable resulting bigger runoff and causing negative impacts, such as floods and decreasing groundwater savings due to rainfall directly flows into water bodies orriver nearby. In this paper, authortried tomake adrainage channel innovation by making boxes infiltration along the concrete channel. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of artificial recharge box modeling along drainage channels in reducing runoff using wastel and and grintinggrass(Cynodondactylon) media, determine the ratio of absorptionability between box wastel and media and Grinting grassmedia in reducing runoff using concrete channel/watertight as a reference. The model is made of wood with the size of 750×30×20cm and 5catchment box made every distance of 100cm along the channel, then the water flowed into the channel for an hour, and velocity data taken every five minutes before and after the flow through the box and also water level data taken every five minutes. The result shows that artificial recharge box with wasteland media can reduce runoff entering the channel, with the ability to reduce runoff at first hour about of 38.322% and it will decrease every hour, on it is smallest on the fourth hour 4 about of 28.038%. Also, a model with grintinggrass media can reduce runoff and the largestefficiency value is about 49.744% in first hour. Channel modeling with artificial recharges box using grinting grass media is better than only using wasteland for reducing.
The alteration in land use causes the loss of infiltration areas replaced by rigid pavement yet demand for groundwater is increasing thus unbalance in hydrology cycle occurred and water became the problem for human as the problem for this country nowadays. One of the solutions to keep the storage of groundwater is to make the rain garden in the area near the run-off sources. Nonetheless studied about rain garden only focus on the effect of pollution in the river and study about the impact of reducing run-off debit and turbidity has not been explored yet. Three infiltration models that had been used for this research were infiltration model with soil-only, rain garden, and the rain garden with infiltration hole. The results presented by the study were compared to get the efficient value from each infiltration model in reducing debit and turbidity in the unsaturated and saturated soil. The result of this study showed that the rain garden model with infiltration hole performed better result with unit time reliability for 3 minutes and higher efficiency value of 54.17% on unsaturated soil and 53.81% on saturated soil. It can also reduce the suspension in the surface run-off until 0 mg/l.
Nowadays, the environmental problems that often occur are flood in wet season and drought in dry season. This happens because the rainwater runoff cannot seep into the ground well and the ground water level is decreased. Excessive surface runoff can be reduced by a simple water infiltration wells on the land. To determine the efficiency of absorption well, a model was created using infiltration rainfall simulator unit to create the condition of heavy rain. This study aims to analyze the relationship between times and several parameters: soil moisture, the changes in the groundwater table, the runoff time, the volume of rainfall infiltration, and to determine the reliability of models with changes in water table. The study was conducted using the infiltration model unit which was made of steel plate with a size of 170x170x200 cm3. This model is divided into three spaces. The first space, which its size is 150x150x200 cm3, has two tests. The first one is labeled as A test and filled with medium silt with the elevation of -150 cm. The B test is filled with medium clay with the elevation of -125 cm. The second space, with the dimension of 170x20x200 cm3, is used to control the ground water level. The third space is used for measuring absorption capability and has dimension of 30x30x100 cm3. This model has nine holes on each side for measuring soil moisture and the 12th hole underneath is used for measuring changes in ground water level. After the artificial rain descended for 120 minutes, soil moisture and ground water level changes measured in every 10 minutes.
Untuk dapat memenuhi target pemenuhan akses air minum untuk masyarakat, Pemerintah melalui Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum telah mencanangkan Program Penyediaan Air Minum dan Sanitasi Berbasis Masyarakat bagi daerah yang belum terlayani oleh PDAM. Dari program ini, lahirlah kelompok masyarakat pengelola SPAM Pedesaan (SPAMDes). Pengelolaan jaringan SPAMDes tergantung pada kemandirian pengelola, dukungan masyrakat pengguna air, dan pendampingan Pemerintah. Karena kondisi ini, sistem pengelolaan SPAMDes di setiap kelompok pengelola sangat bervariasi. Pola pendampingan Pemerintah untuk mewujudkan keberlanjutan SPAM berbasis masyarakt perlu memperhatikan karakteristik masing- masing kelompok pengelola. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sistem pengelolaan SPAMDes yang ada di Dusun Plugon, Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan melalui wawancara dan survey kuesioner kepada pengguna dan kelompok pengelola. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, diketahui bahwa kelompok pengelola SPAMDes telah melayani kebutuhan air warga dengan baik, tetapi perlu adanya prosedur yang jelas untuk kelancaran penyelenggaraan pelayanan air, terutama dalam hal perawatan dan penanganan kebocoran. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi Pemerintah yang melakukan pendampingan kelompok Pengelola SPAMDes.
This study aimed to determine changes in ground water level against time to recharge the unit models with medium sand soil in cloudburst conditions, to determine the effect of changes in humidity land in heavy rain conditions and for the efficiency of the model unit catchment .. By using the model infiltration unit made from box 170x170x200 cm3 and infiltration well with dimensions of 30x30x100 cm3 filled with 90 cm thick layer of sandy soil . The results showed that changes in ground water level is 18.8 % , 22.4 % and 24 % for the test I, II, III , respectively .. Soil moisture for the test I ran to saturation at 110 minutes , while for II and III trials in the 90th minute . Unit efficiency filtration models in improving the soil surface water is 3.6 % . This suggests that these filtration units of the model can reduce surface water runoff and increasing groundwater levels.
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