Infiltration which occurs on slope has a specific behavior that can be parameterized. One of the reasons is because the slope generates less ponding on the sloping soil surface. This condition affects infiltration rate and surface runoff proportion of water from any kind of rainfall distribution in time. Since surface runoff tends to be higher, erosion rate is also to be higher on slope. The slope steepness is the most important parameter of a slope. In this study, the effect of slope steepness on infiltration capacity and erosion rate of Mount Merapi bare slope material were tested in a laboratory using rainfall simulator. Three values of slope steepness of 36%, 47%, and 58% were used. The rainfall intensity was set constant and was found has rate of 116,312 mm/hour. The infiltration rate was measured by volumetric balance principle and the erosion rates were measured by collecting the eroded grains at the downstream end tank. Infiltration rate was evaluated by using Horton method and the average erosion were analyzed from the eroded grain data for each test. After fitting the recorded infiltration rate data to the Horton equation, the infiltration capacity was obtained. The results were the relationship between slope steepness and the affected the infiltration capacity and erosion for each test. Infiltration capacity is found to increase and the decrease with the increase of slope steepness while erosion rate is found to increase on the steeper slope. The increase of erosion range is between 15% to 33% for each 1o increase of slope steepness. In addition, polynomial and exponential equations were developed to express the relationship between slope steepness and infiltration capacity and also the erosion rate.
The short-duration-rainfall monitoring techniques have become important recently due to the high demand for disaster risk mitigation. Such techniques produce important information on the rainfall intensity during heavy rainfall in the form of snake line. At the same time, use of X-Band Multi-Parameter Radar (XMP Radar) in rainfall monitoring has increased significantly because of its capacity to cover wide area. An assessment on the snake line performance that was developed based on XMP Radar and ground rainfall monitoring instrument (i.e. Automatic Rainfall Recorder or ARR) has been applied to Mt. Merapi area, Java, Indonesia. Selected rainfall data of November-December 2018 were examined. The assessment used a single pixel of radar data at the location of the ARR. The result shows that rainfall data obtained from XMP Radar are lower than those from ARR. The computed snake line obtained from XMP Radar differs from that from ARR data. The XMP Radar underestimates the warning level by about two level out of four.
Indonesia’s flash floods have increased significantly since the flash flood in Bohorok, North Sumatra, in 2003 and Jember, East Java, in 2006. Such flash floods have caused negative impacts, loss of human life and damage to vital infrastructures such as houses, roads, bridges, or other public facilities. Understanding the factors driving flash floods and their mechanism at the outset is essential in mitigating the negative impacts mentioned above. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the flash flood characteristics of several hydraulic parameters under conditions just before the flash flood incident, including the intensity of the rainfall, the time of concentration, and the time lag of the occurrence. As the object of the study, a flash flood event was selected in Batu City, Upper Brantas River, which occurred on November 4, 2021. The results show that the lag time of the flash flood occurrence at 40 minutes magnitude at Bulukerto Village of Batu City, the application of Kirpich for the time of concentration equation performed better than the Ventura and Watt & Chow equations. Further assessment of precursory characteristics for other similar small catchment and hydro-meteorological conditions is still the subject of beneficial study or research.
Untuk dapat memenuhi target pemenuhan akses air minum untuk masyarakat, Pemerintah melalui Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum telah mencanangkan Program Penyediaan Air Minum dan Sanitasi Berbasis Masyarakat bagi daerah yang belum terlayani oleh PDAM. Dari program ini, lahirlah kelompok masyarakat pengelola SPAM Pedesaan (SPAMDes). Pengelolaan jaringan SPAMDes tergantung pada kemandirian pengelola, dukungan masyrakat pengguna air, dan pendampingan Pemerintah. Karena kondisi ini, sistem pengelolaan SPAMDes di setiap kelompok pengelola sangat bervariasi. Pola pendampingan Pemerintah untuk mewujudkan keberlanjutan SPAM berbasis masyarakt perlu memperhatikan karakteristik masing- masing kelompok pengelola. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sistem pengelolaan SPAMDes yang ada di Dusun Plugon, Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan melalui wawancara dan survey kuesioner kepada pengguna dan kelompok pengelola. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, diketahui bahwa kelompok pengelola SPAMDes telah melayani kebutuhan air warga dengan baik, tetapi perlu adanya prosedur yang jelas untuk kelancaran penyelenggaraan pelayanan air, terutama dalam hal perawatan dan penanganan kebocoran. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi Pemerintah yang melakukan pendampingan kelompok Pengelola SPAMDes.
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