The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the sales volume of a firm and its brand image. Consumers' self-perception and perception of brand image, with respect to congruency models, have a strong influence on their behavior in the marketplace. Therefore it is expected that the fluctuations (the authors use fluctuation and variation interchangeably) in image attributes will explain the fluctuations in sales figures. In order to test this hypothesis, consecutive surveys were carried out, on a monthly basis to collect image data. Factor analysis was performed on the image attributes over time and three main image factors were attained. To determine the net effect of image attributes on sales, multiple regression analysis was performed, using the time series data, and all three image factors were found to be significant in the model.Brand image, which usually includes the product's name, its main physical features and appearance (including the packaging and logo), and its main function(s), is the key to answer the question of how the consumer chooses
This study proposes a decision support system module for analyzing impacts of transportation policies on environment. The main issues of the contemporary transport models include the specification of the nature. For a sustainable transportation system, the extent of the relationships between transport and the environment has to be considered. For this purpose a two-stage problem structuring model is developed. Initially, experts' opinions are structured by using a cognitive map to determine the relationships between transportation and environmental concepts. After that, a structural equation model is constructed based on the cognitive map in order to quantify the relations between transportation and environmental externalities. World Development Indicators of World Bank are utilized for this purpose.
This study aims to observe the long run and short run effects of gross domestic product, foreign direct investment inflows and trade on CO2 emissions and causality relationships between these factors, using annual data for the period of 1974-2010. The empirical results demonstrate that the inverted U-shaped relationship of environmental Kuznets curve is valid for Turkey. In addition, there are positive long run effects of foreign direct investment and trade openness on CO2 emissions. The authors also find a bidirectional causality relationship between CO2 emission and FDI.
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