Background/aim: Due to nanomaterials' potential benefits for diagnosis and treatment, they are widely used in medical applications and personal care products. Interaction of nanomaterials, which are very small in size, with tissue, cell and microenvironment, can reveal harmful effects that cannot be created with chemically identical and larger counterparts in biological organisms. In this review, a challenge for future medicine, nanotoxicity of nanomaterials is discussed. Materials and methods: A detailed review of related literature was performed and evaluated as per medical applications of nanomaterials their toxicity. Results and conclusion: Most authors state "the only valid technology will be nanotechnology in the next era"; however, there is no consensus on the impact of this technology on humankind, environment and ecological balance. Studies dealing with the toxic effect of nanomaterials on human health have also varied with developing technology. Nanotoxicology studies such as in vivo-like on 3D human organs, cells, advanced genetic studies, and-omic approaches begin to replace conventional methods. Nanotoxicity and adverse effects of nanomaterials in exposed producers, industry workers, and patients make nanomaterials a double-edged sword for future medicine. In order to control and tackle related risks, regulation and legislations should be implemented, and researchers have to conduct joint multidisciplinary studies in various fields of medical sciences, nanotechnology, nanomedicine, and biomedical engineering.
Food-derived alcohol is almost not in question due to its low concentration. Nevertheless, could it pose a problem for some risk groups and forensic cases? To answer this, we aimed to simultaneously evaluate ethanol and methanol ingredients of a variety of non-alcoholic foods in two different countries and estimate their possible health and forensic consequences. Alcohols in foods were analyzed by headspace gas chromatography. Human average acute daily food consumptions and food-derived blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) were determined by using the data of The European Food Safety Authority Nutrition Survey. Methanol and ethanol ingredients of similar foods varied between the two cities. Most foods produce higher methanol concentrations than the maximum allowable dose level (23 mg). Especially fruit juices lead to the critical level of ethanol for children (6 mg/kg body weight). Based on the results, adult daily intake of selected food groups does not bear ethanol that exceeds the legal limit of BAC or the limit not allowed from a religious perspective and does not lead to acute alcohol toxicity. But these low levels of ethanol and methanol consumed via non-alcoholic foods for life can raise the vulnerability to chronic health problems (cancer, liver cirrhosis, Alzheimer’s disease, autism, ocular toxicity and alterations in fetal development) and may lead to positive ethanol metabolite results (e.g., ethyl glucuronide) when a low cutoff level is used. Therefore, studies on the alcohol contents of various natural and processed non-alcoholic foods along with their effects on humans and new regulations on labeling the food products and conscious food consumption are of particular importance. It would also be important to consider unintentional alcohol consumption via non-alcoholic foods in the evaluation of clinical and forensic cases.
Multidisipliner bir alan olan adli bilimler, adaletin toplum ve toplumu oluşturan bireyler arasında eşit olarak sağlanabilirliğine hizmet eden sağlık, fen ve sosyal bilimler gibi eğitsel, teknolojik ve pozitif bilimler topluluğunu kapsar. Bu bilimsel alanda teorik ve uygulamanın birbirleriyle örtüşen ve örtüşmeyen birçok noktası bulunmaktadır. Teorik bilgilerin havada uçuştuğu çağımızda bu bilgilerin adli bilimlerin uygulama alanına yansıması çok önemlidir. Adli tıp, hukuk, psikoloji, sosyal hizmet, çocuk gelişimi, kriminoloji, antropoloji, öğretmenlik, medya, polis ve jandarma gibi güvenlik birimlerini de içeren toplumun çok geniş bir alanında birlikte çalışmaya ve üretmeye gereksinim bulunuyor. Eğitim ve öğretimin en önemli parçasını deneyimlerimiz ve uygulama alanları yani “olgu temelli” yaklaşım belirliyor.
Background/aim: Use of nanomaterials in the healthcare applications increases in parallel to technological developments. It is frequently utilized in diagnostic procedures, medications and in therapeutic implementations. Nanomaterials take place among key components of medical implants, which might be responsible for certain toxic effects on human health at nano-level. In this review, nanotoxicological effects, toxicity determination of nanobiomaterials used in human body and their effects on human health are discussed. Material and Method: A detailed review of related literature was performed and evaluated as per nanomaterials and medical implants. Results and Conclusion: The nanotoxic effects of the materials applied to human body and the determination of its toxicity are important. Determination of toxicity for each nanomaterial requires a detailed and multifactorial assessment considering the properties of these materials. There are limited studies in the literature regarding the toxic effects of nanomaterials used in medical implants. Although these implants are potentially biocompatible and biodegradable, it is highly important to discuss nanotoxicological characteristics of medical implant.
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