Soil microorganisms perform a variety of functions, some of which are extremely helpful to the maintenance of ecological sustainability. Bacteria thriving in the plant rhizosphere drive plant development through a variety of ways, which are referred to as PGPR (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria). Despite the fact that there are many different types of PGPR, their significance and applications in sustainable agriculture are still debated and limited. The performance of PGPR varies, which might be related to a variety of environmental conditions that impact their development and proliferation in plants. PGPR is a nonpathogenic, friendly bacterium that stimulates plant development by altering hormone concentrations and nutritional needs, as well as mitigating stress-related damage. PGPR colonizes root hairs and lateral roots in plants, where they may exhibit their beneficial characteristics. Rhizobacteria that promote plant development have the ability to control root system architecture (RSA), as well as the vegetative growth and physiology of the entire plant. The generation of hormones like Indole acetic acid (IAA) by PGPR has long been linked to RSA effects. This book chapter reviews to show PGPR affects on the growth, physiological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics of plant roots.

Laboratories are an indispensable part of the fundamental sciences. Laboratories are important learning environments that enable students to relate events to daily life as well as being places where theoretical knowledge is implemented. The present study investigated the knowledge and usage level of preservice biology teachers regarding lab equipment and materials. The study utilized a descriptive survey. A total of 61 preservice biology teachers from the Biology Education Department of a public university in Turkey constituted the participants. Lab Equipment and Materials Recognition Form that is developed by the researcher of the present study was used to collect data. In the design of this form, the 9–12 grade biology curriculum was first analyzed, and a list of frequently-used equipment and materials of biology laboratories was created in line with the opinions of field experts. The form included 40 laboratories equipment and materials and questions regarding the recognition of these items, their functions, and their application processes. The preservice teachers’ answers to these questions were graded as: zero points for each incorrect answer, one point for each partially correct answer, and two points for each correct answer. The data obtained were analyzed using cluster analysis, descriptive analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and independent samples T-test in SPSS27 software, and the Polycoric correlation coefficient in Factor Analysis software. The results revealed that the preservice teachers mainly recognize the biology laboratories equipment and materials but generally lack information regarding the application process of laboratories equipment and materials.

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Genel olarak biyoloji bilgisinin bilgisayar aracılığıyla incelenmesi ve işlenmesi olarak tanımlanabilen biyoinformatik günümüzde hızla gelişen bir bilim dalıdır. Biyoinformatik, biyoteknoloji, sağlık, tarım, kimya, genom araştırmaları ve çok sayıda alanda giderek artan uygulamalarıyla dünyada biyoloji öğretiminin önemli bir parçası hâline gelmektedir. Bu bakımdan Türkiye'de biyoinformatik konusunda yetişmiş insan alt yapısının oluşturulması açısından öğretmen adaylarının konuya ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı biyoloji öğretmen adaylarının biyoinformatik ve öğretimi konusunda görüşlerinin incelenmesidir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden bütüncül tek durum deseninin kullanıldığı araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, bir devlet üniversitesinin eğitim fakültesi ve pedagojik formasyon programlarında öğrenimlerine devam eden 105 biyoloji öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri ilgili alanyazın taramaları ve uzman görüşlerinin alınması aşamalarından sonra araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen veriler betimsel ve içerik analizi bir arada kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda elde edilen sonuçlara göre öğretmen adaylarının konuya ilişkin olumlu görüşlere sahip olmalarının yanında, yeterli teorik ve uygulama bilgilerinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda biyoinformatik eğitiminin mevcut öğretim programlarına entegrasyonu, ders içerikleri ve materyallerin oluşturulması önerilmektedir.

Choosing the location of organic fertilizer production facilities is a critical issue for agricultural enterprises and the agricultural sector. In this study, which is focused on how the selection of the facility location according to the results of the suitability analysis will contribute to the agricultural sector and the environment, Tekirdağ province was chosen as the study area. In this direction, basic and sub-criteria were determined in the Analytical Hierarchy Process, and the number of organic fertilizer plants in the sub-criteria groups was specified. The resulting criteria were reclassified according to their importance. Basic criteria: physical, environmental and socio-economic criteria; Sub-criteria are slope, elevation, big soil groups, land use, land use capability classes, distance to road-railways, ports, settlements and electrical energy transmission lines. Consistency rates were calculated for each criterion. The criterion weights calculated in the Analytical Hierarchy Process were overlaid with ArcGIS 10.5 software in the Geographical Information Systems environment and a suitability map for the organic fertilizer plant was obtained. In line with the findings obtained, 81.01% of Tekirdağ province shows very high-high-medium suitability and existing organic fertilizer facilities are located in these areas. 8.20% of the province has been found to be very low suitability. The reason for this is that these regions contain national parks and forests. The fact that an organic fertilizer plant is close to the agricultural area is suitable in terms of proximity to the raw material and represents sustainability within the scope of economic input to the country. In this study, AHP method in GIS environment is proposed over Tekirdağ province to be used in the decision-making mechanism of national/international agricultural enterprises. Today, environmental impact assessment reports are generally taken into account in decision-making mechanisms for choosing the appropriate area. However, AHP and similar mathematical models are not used in these reports or decision-makers. In this study, according to the data obtained from the modeling of Tekirdağ province (75.11% agricultural land, 90% insufficient organic matter), it is suggested to increase the number of facilities that will meet the organic fertilizer need in the southwest region.