Global poverty has been an issue at the centre of ethical debates, because it has devastating effects on human life and it is the main source of various inequalities in society. This paper, which deals with the moral duties of humanity to reduce global poverty, argues that humanity has both positive duties to help the existing poor and negative duties to prevent the emergence of new poor and to find a permanent solution to poverty. The argument that ensures paper’s originality is that the poor, who claim positive rights for themselves, are obliged to fulfil their ‘reciprocal negative and positive duties’ towards the benefactors in return. By defending the opinion that a hierarchy should be determined for the interpersonal distribution of negative and positive duties, the paper also contributes to a fair distribution of duties between both those who request aid and those who aid.
The presidential elections in the United States of America (USA), which has a long-established tradition of democracy, are an important platform where voters can express both their established/embedded values and their perspectives on current issues. The Republican Party and the Democratic Party, which have different traditions, values and political attitudes, are prominent institutional actors in the country's political history. This study aimed to understand the key determinants of the US elections in the 2010s and the political communication strategies developed by the actors in response to these determinants. Although the study did not systematically adhere to a single research method, it could be categorised as qualitative research using content and discourse analysis techniques.
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