Prolonged use of an antineoplastic agent methotrexate (MTX), can cause numerous side effects such as nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of MTX on kidneys and demonstrate the protective effects of gallic acid (GA). Twenty-four, male, rats distributed into three groups. Each groups consisted eight rats and only saline was administered to the control group. The MTX group received a single dose (20 mg/kg) MTX intraperitoneally. The MTX + GA group received same dose MTX and 100 mg/kg GA orally during the 7 days. Renal functions, oxidative stress markers, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid levels and tissue oxidative stress markers, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index levels significantly increased and total antioxidant status levels significantly decreased in MTX group compared with the control group. At the histopathological examination hemorrhages, tubular cell necrosis, glomerulosclerosis, inflammatory cell infiltrations and proteinous materials in tubules were noticed in MTX group. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that increased expressions of serum amyloid A (SAA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in tubular epithelial cells of kidneys in this group. There were no immunoreaction with SAA and CRP, only small number of PGE-2 and TNF-α positive tubular epithelial cells were observed in MTX + GA group. In conclusion, all evidence suggested that oxidative stress caused MTX-induced nephrotoxicity and GA prevent the kidney from the nephrotoxicity due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Introduction: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transition from premixed and intensive insulin to twice-daily insulin degludec/aspart (IDegAsp) co-formulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and methods: In this 12-week study, patients receiving twice-daily premixed insulin therapy in Group 1 (n = 55) were switched to twice-daily IDegAsp. In Group 2 (n = 60), patients on intensive insulin therapy were switched to IDegAsp injected twice a day. Inter-and intragroup comparisons were made. Results: A total of 115 patients were included in the study. There was a significant improvement in glycaemic control, median daily total insulin dose, body mass, body mass index, and hypoglycaemic events in Group 1 and Group 2 with the switch to IDegAsp (p < 0.05). The decrease in median daily total insulin dose requirement in Group 2 was higher than that of Group 1 (p = 0.001). There was no difference between groups in terms of other parameters (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The current analysis indicates that IDegAsp treatment improves outcomes, with the most notable differences observed in daily total insulin requirement, body mass, and hypoglycaemia.
Background/Aims:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may also involve various extra-intestinal organs. Clinical studies have found asymptomatic/symptomatic pulmonary involvement in 1% to 6% of patients with IBD. The present study histopathologically investigated pulmonary involvement in an experimental model of colitis in order to demonstrate pulmonary tissue involvement in IBD and to expose potential etiological factors. It also explored the relation between inflammation and tissue concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α).Methods:The study comprised 24 male Wistar albino rats. The rats were divided into four groups of six rats each. Acute colitis was induced in two separate groups using either the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) or trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) method, while the other two groups were used as controls for each model of colitis. Wallace scoring was used for macroscopic assessment of colitis, and the lungs were histopathologically examined. Concentrations of VEGF and TNF-α in pulmonary tissue were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.Results:The number of animals that had alveolar hemorrhage was significantly higher in the TNBS-induced colitis and DSS-induced colitis groups compared to their own control groups (p = 0.015 and p = 0.015, respectively). VEGF and TNF-α concentrations in pulmonary tissues were significantly increased in both the TNBS colitis and DSS colitis groups compared to their own control groups (p = 0.002 and p = 0.004, respectively; and p = 0.002 and p = 0.002, respectively).Conclusions:The present study demonstrated that significant and serious histopathological changes directly associated with colitis occur in the lungs in IBD.
Prolonged cholestasis is a very rare complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). Only few cases with this complication are reported in the English literature. We report persisting cholestatic jaundice in a 73-year old man after successful therapeutic ERC for choledocholithiasis. Serologic tests for viral and autoimmune hepatitis were all negative. A second-look ERC was normal also. He denied any medication except for prophylaxis given intravenous 1 g ceftriaxon prior to the ERC procedure. After an unsuccessful trial with ursodeoxycholic acid and cholestyramine for 2 wk, this case was efficiently treated with corticosteroids and plasmapheresis. His cholestatic enzymes became normal and intense pruritis quickly resolved after this treatment which lasted during his followup period. We discussed the possible mechanisms and treatment alternatives of intrahepatic cholestasis associated with the ERC procedure.
ÖzetAmaç Diyabetik ayak enfeksiyonları (DFE), hastalar ve sağlık sistemi için büyük bir küresel yüke neden olur. Mortalitenin önemli bir nedeni olan DFE'nın özelliklerini tam olarak anlamak önemlidir. Bu çalışma, DFE ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaları incelemeyi ve bundan sonraki çalışmalara rehberlik etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Materyal ve MetodWeb of Science (WOS) veri tabanı 28 Şubat 2021 tarihine kadar yayın aramak için tarandı. Çalışmamızda elde edilen veriler çeşitli bibliyometrik göstergeler sunmak için analiz edilirken, haritalar VOS görüntüleyici programı (VOS) kullanılarak görselleştirildi. 'Diyabetik ayak' ve 'Diyabetik ayak hastalığı' veya 'Diyabetik ayak enfeksiyonu' anahtar kelimelerini içeren yayınlar incelenmiştir.Bulgular Arama kriterlerine göre toplam 802 yayına ulaşıldı. En çok yayın ABD'dendi (%32,941). Yayınların çoğu makale (%63,6) ve endokrinoloji ve metabolizma alanındaydı. DFE ile ilgili yayınların atıf oranları yıllar içinde artmıştı.Sonuç DFE le lg l artan akadem k makalen n kal tes n değerlend rmek ve eks k çalışma konularına rehberl k etmek ç n b bl yometr k anal z daha yaygın olarak kullanılmalıdır. Anahtar KelimelerAğ Anal z , B bl yometr k Anal z, D yabet k Ayak, D yabet k Ayak enfeks yonu. Özet Aim D abet c foot nfect ons (DFI) result n a major global burden for pat ents and the health care system. It s mportant to fully understand the character st cs of DFI, wh ch s a major cause of mortal ty.s study a med to exam ne the stud es on DFI and to gu de future stud es. Material and Method e Web of Sc ence (WOS) database was scanned to search for publ cat ons unt l February 28, 2021. Wh le the data obta ned n our study were analyzed to present var ous b bl ometr c nd cators, the maps were v sual zed us ng the VOS v ewer program (VOS v ewer). e publ cat ons conta n ng the keywords 'D abet c foot' and 'D abet c foot d sease' or 'D abet c foot nfect on' were exam ned. Results A total of 802 publ cat ons were reached accord ng to the search cr ter a. e most publ cat ons were from the USA (32.941%). Most of the publ cat ons were art cles (63,6%) and were n endocrnology and metabol sm area. e number of c te rates of publ cat ons on DFI have ncreased over the years. Conclusion B bl ometr c analys s should be used more w dely to assess the qual ty of the grow ng academ c paper on DFI and to gu de m ss ng study ssues.
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