The physician should not overlook an ALV finding on unenhanced CT, particularly in cases with severe degree of asymmetry or diffuse ventricular enlargement, and search for possible accompanying disorders.

In this study, the myelinated axons of the rostrum, genu, truncus and splenium parts of the corpus callosum and of the anterior, posterior and habenular commissures were counted in the rat brain by using a camera lucida. The numerical densities of these axons were compared with each other by means of quantitative analytical statistical methods. In parts of the corpus callosum, a statistically significant difference was found between the rostrum and genu, rostrum and truncus, rostrum and the splenium, genu and truncus, and the genu and splenium. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the truncus and splenium. When comparing the number of myelinated axons of the anterior, posterior and habenular commissures, statistically significant differences were found between the anterior and posterior commissures, and between the anterior and habenular commissures. No statistically significant difference was found between the posterior and habenular commissures. Small sized myelinated axons were present in all parts of the corpus callosum and in the anterior commissure. However, a heterogeneous distribution of myelinated axons was present in the posterior and habenular commissures.

No abstract

During dissection of the submental region we observed that the anterior belly of the left digastric muscle had four separate insertions. These muscle bands united in a common tendon as they continued with the posterior belly. This is an anatomical variation in the mylohyoid digastric muscle group in the floor of the mouth. When an asymmetry in the floor of the mouth is detected during diagnostic procedures, such as radiologic studies, anomalies of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle should be considered besides other reasons of asymmetry. Additionally, possible occurrence of such anomalies should be remembered during surgical procedures involving the submental region. This unique variation has not been reported in the literature.

Multiple variations of the azygos venous system were detected during routine dissection. The hemiazygos vein was underdeveloped. On the left side of the thorax, posterior intercostal veins between the 8th and 11th intercostal spaces and the subcostal vein drained into the azygos vein independently. In addition, the posterior 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th intercostal veins united and formed two superior and inferior trunks. The superior common trunk, at the level of the T4 vertebra, crossed the vertebral column obliquely, lying anterior to the aorta and posterior to the esophagus, opening into the azygos vein at the level of the T4 vertebra. The other structures in this part were normal. There were different courses of the azygos vein system. This variation is important in mediastinal surgery and also in the interpretation of radiographs.

No abstract

SUMMARYExperimental epileptic models have been developed to assess the pathophysiology of epileptic seizures. We have previously shown that epileptic seizures cause significant neuronal loss in hippocampus (pO.O5). This study suggests that the loss of hippocampal neurons in penicillin-induced epilepsy seizure is not directly correlated with a volume change in the hippocampus. Furthermore, our results indicate that it is important to assess both the neuron number and the volume of the affected area using stereological methods in an epilepsy model to objectively analyze the effects of the seizure.

The dermatophytes show different manifestations including alteration or perforation on surface structures of hair by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). [1][2][3] Ultrastructural examination of hair may give many clues about disease. SEM is a three dimensional examination technique revealing easily comparable images and it is indispensable for examination in various tissues, which permit considerable magnification. Materials and MethodsRecently, an outbreak of tinea capitis gladiatorum has been described in wrestling school Denizli, Turkey. AbstractObjectives: Ultrastructural examination of hair gives many clues about diagnosis. We aimed to investigate the ultrastructural surface on hair infected by Trichophyton tonsurans var. sulfureum. Methods:The hair shaft specimens were obtained from subjects with tinea capitis. Specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results:In routine SEM procedure, spor-like structures were observed on hair surfaces with cuticular cells peeling off like minor dissolving. Conclusion:The ultrastructural surface alterations on infected hair with endothrix dermatophytes such as Trichophyton tonsurans might be an unexpected finding during SEM examination of hair. These results may help for differential diagnosis.