No abstract

Palatal involvement was associated with a higher mortality in our study. Also, leukocyte counts, neutrophile counts, and CRP values had a significant impact on survival function. The reversal of the underlying disease and immunosuppression is as important as the medical and surgical treatment.

No abstract

Nasal endoscopy during probing and bicanalicular silicone tube intubation is useful especially in selected cases of failed probings. Nasal endoscopy should assist the inexperienced surgeon in preventing trauma to the nasal base and septal mucosa, hemorrhage, and passage of the probe under the mucosa rather than through the ostium.

The ramification pattern of SPA can not be fully exposed without resection of the posterior part of the middle turbinate via the middle meatal approach. Two-step procedures are advocated in reducing failure rates. Previously defined two-step procedures are relatively invasive. A less invasive procedure is defined based on the variations of SPA and SPF.