Integration of vegetation into architectural objects can be a sustainable approach for the realization of objects' facades. Vegetation walls are innovative concepts of green construction. Vertically greened walls contribute to the improvement of energy properties of buildings and improve the design characteristics of buildings. Vegetation walls initiate the user's interactive attitude towards the object's envelope. This study shows the potential of the green wall in the process of thermodynamic transmissions within the structure of facade wrappers during the summer. During the research, the energy specificities of the vegetation walls and their contribution to the improvement of the thermal properties of the facade wall were analyzed. For the needs of the research, an experimental model was developed on which the intensity of solar radiation, temperature values and heat fluxes were measured. Measurements have shown that vegetation affects the reduction of the surface temperature of the envelope and, consequently, it affects the value of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the facade coating. The research shows that a wall that contains plants has a major influence on the temperature balance in the building envelope. The methodology presented in this paper is based on the analysis of climatic characteristics, experimental measurement of the test model and comparative analysis with the reference element. During the experiment, the data on the external climate parameters, the temperature values and the coefficient of heat passing through the wall were continuously measured. The effects of thermal protection, using vegetation on the south-oriented wall, were analyzed. From the previous research it was concluded that the south oriented wall has a lower thermal absorption and a lower value of the heat flux than the other walls. Data analysis enabled the assessment of the efficiency of thermal insulation of the wall using vegetation during the summer period. The distribution of temperature values, measured on the experimental model, showed a fall in temperature relative to the reference wall, which leads to a reduction in the total energy required to the object in the summer period. The proposed methodology enables a quantitative analysis of the effects of vertical greenery. The values obtained by measuring in the experimental model correspond to the empirical results. The use of vegetation walls in architecture has opened up new possibilities for reducing energy in the summer period when the experiment was carried out.
In light of climate changes, technological development and the use of renewable energy sources are considered very important nowadays, both in newly designed structures and reconstructed historic buildings, resulting in the reduction in the commercial energy consumption and CO2 environmental emissions. This paper explores the possibilities of improving the energy efficiency of sacred heritage buildings by utilizing photovoltaic systems. As an exceptionally significant cultural good, the Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel in Belgrade shall serve as a case study, with the aim of examining the methods of mounting photovoltaic (PV) panels, taking into account the fact that the authenticity and the aesthetic value of this cultural monument must remain intact. A comparative analysis of the two options for installing PV panels on the southwestern roof of the church was performed using simulations in PVgis and PVsist V6.84 software, with the aim of establishing the most efficient option in terms of power generation. The simulation results show that photovoltaic panels can produce 151,650 kWh (Option 1) and 150,894 kWh (Option 2) per year, while the required amount of energy is 42,726 kWh. The electricity produced exceeds the electricity requirements for the decorative lighting of the Cathedral Church, so it can be used for other purposes in the sacred complex.
The paper systematizes geometric aspects relevant for understanding design of solar systems. The systematization is based on a review of literature dedicated to various kinds of engineers, including architects, involved in a multidisciplinary process of conceptualizing, designing and realization of PV systems. The understanding of the presented geometric aspects, known as solar geometry, is important not only in terms of finding optimal orientation and most effective tilt of solar modules, but also in terms of adequate geometric modelling of façade elements of a complex shape (as specific photovoltaic modules) in order to be optimally exposed to the sun all over the year. After providing detailed explanations of the main elements of solar geometry using the tools of spherical trigonometry, the paper discusses the integration of the presented geometric concepts in the BIM environments, and refers the example of Autodesk Revit software through its sun study tool. Analysed are functionalities of all interactive components of the 3D solar path representation. A need for more explicit determination of an incidence angle of the sun rays on a tilted surface is stressed. In the conclusion highlighted is the essential knowledge on solar geometry that needs to be acquired during architectural education, so that architects participating in the BIM working environments could be prepared for efficient conceptualization of integrated solar systems.
Original scientific paper https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI170919027SThe goal of this research is to analyse the possibility of using vegetation walls in order to improve the thermal characteristics of office buildings in Belgrade's climatic conditions. The study analyses the possibility of integrating vegetation modules into the façades of office buildings. The paper shows the potential of vegetation technologies in the realisation of façade coverings of architectural buildings with a goal to reduce heat gained during summer time. The use of vegetation walls in architecture has opened up new planning possibilities and created planning conditions for reducing the energy necessary for cooling office buildings. Considering that interaction between the outer environment and inner solving the dependency between comfort, outer look and building's energy balance. This paper is presenting the possibility of using sustainable technologies for solving the problem of overheating in Belgrade's climatic conditions. The research considers the possibilities of using vertically greening systems in planning façade coverings, with an analysis of their thermal characteristics for climatic conditions in Belgrade.
In light of climate changes, technological development and the use of renewable energy sources are considered very important nowadays, both in newly-designed structures and reconstructed historic building, resulting in the reduction of the commercial energy consumption and CO2 environmental emissions. This paper explores the possibilities of improving the energy efficiency of heritage sacred buildings by utilizing photovoltaic systems. As an exceptionally significant cultural good, the Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel in Belgrade shall serve as a case study, with the aim of examining the methods of mounting photovoltaic (PV) panels, by taking into account the fact that the authenticity and the aesthetic value of this cultural monument must remain intact. A comparative analysis of the two options for installing PV panels on the southwestern roof of the church was performed using simulations in PVgis and PVsist V6.84 software, with the aim of establishing the most efficient option in terms of power generation. The simulation results show that photovoltaic panels can produce 151650 kWh (Option 1) and 150894 kWh (Option 2) per year, while the required amount of energy is 42726.77 kWh. The electricity produced exceeds the electricity requirements for the decorative lighting of the Cathedral Church, so it can be used for other purposes in the sacral complex.
For the purpose of this paper, the actual air temperature and air humidity values were monitored in the Visitor Centre of the Archaeological site 1a Imperial Palace Sirmium, designated cultural heritage of exceptional importance. The contamination level of archaeological finds in the site was microbiologically analysed. The findings showed that during the phase of microclimatic monitoring (February–April 2021), air humidity was almost constantly above the levels set by standards and recommendations for museum collections (>60%). The highest levels of air humidity, amounting to 93%, were recorded in February, with daily oscillations of up to 30%; the lowest recorded temperature was 0.3°C, with the maximum daily oscillations of 6°C. Microbiological analysis revealed great diversity in the deterioration level of the finds, which can be attributed to the time lapse between the last conservation and the present. The comparative analysis of microclimatic monitoring and microbiological analysis results identified high levels of relative air humidity as the dominant factor in the increased microbiological contamination of the finds. The findings also pointed to the necessity of continuous microclimatic monitoring during the actual usage of the facility in order to provide the sustainable display and preservation of the finds on the premises.
In light of climate changes, technological development and the use of renewable energy sources are considered very important nowadays, both in newly-designed structures and reconstructed historic building, resulting in the reduction of the commercial energy consumption and CO2 environmental emissions. This paper explores the possibilities of improving the energy efficiency of heritage sacred buildings by utilizing photovoltaic systems. As an exceptionally significant cultural good, the Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel in Belgrade shall serve as a case study, with the aim of examining the methods of mounting photovoltaic (PV) panels, by taking into account the fact that the authenticity and the aesthetic value of this cultural monument must remain intact. A comparative analysis of the two options for installing PV panels on the southwestern roof of the church was performed using simulations in PVgis and PVsist V6.84 software, with the aim of establishing the most efficient option in terms of power generation. The simulation results show that photovoltaic panels can produce 151650 kWh (Option 1) and 150894 kWh (Option 2) per year, while the required amount of energy is 42726.77 kWh. The electricity produced exceeds the electricity requirements for the decorative lighting of the Cathedral Church, so it can be used for other purposes in the sacral complex.
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