Integration of vegetation into architectural objects can be a sustainable approach for the realization of objects' facades. Vegetation walls are innovative concepts of green construction. Vertically greened walls contribute to the improvement of energy properties of buildings and improve the design characteristics of buildings. Vegetation walls initiate the user's interactive attitude towards the object's envelope. This study shows the potential of the green wall in the process of thermodynamic transmissions within the structure of facade wrappers during the summer. During the research, the energy specificities of the vegetation walls and their contribution to the improvement of the thermal properties of the facade wall were analyzed. For the needs of the research, an experimental model was developed on which the intensity of solar radiation, temperature values and heat fluxes were measured. Measurements have shown that vegetation affects the reduction of the surface temperature of the envelope and, consequently, it affects the value of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the facade coating. The research shows that a wall that contains plants has a major influence on the temperature balance in the building envelope. The methodology presented in this paper is based on the analysis of climatic characteristics, experimental measurement of the test model and comparative analysis with the reference element. During the experiment, the data on the external climate parameters, the temperature values and the coefficient of heat passing through the wall were continuously measured. The effects of thermal protection, using vegetation on the south-oriented wall, were analyzed. From the previous research it was concluded that the south oriented wall has a lower thermal absorption and a lower value of the heat flux than the other walls. Data analysis enabled the assessment of the efficiency of thermal insulation of the wall using vegetation during the summer period. The distribution of temperature values, measured on the experimental model, showed a fall in temperature relative to the reference wall, which leads to a reduction in the total energy required to the object in the summer period. The proposed methodology enables a quantitative analysis of the effects of vertical greenery. The values obtained by measuring in the experimental model correspond to the empirical results. The use of vegetation walls in architecture has opened up new possibilities for reducing energy in the summer period when the experiment was carried out.
Paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of chemical reactions occurring during chlorination with and without additives for both nickel oxides and nickel ferrites, which are component parts of nickel ore. The experimental research investigated the influence of temperature in the range from 600 up to 1000 °C and time (up to 3 h) on the chlorination degree of nickel ores with and without additives. It was found that the introduction of additives such as C, S, BaS and NaCl intensified the chlorination of nickel ore. The results can be applied and may help determine the optimal conditions for the chlorination of low-grade ferrous nickel ores
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been recognized for widespread biological applications due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect, especially in dentistry and for wound healing. Many features determine their beneficial or toxic potential, such as their synthesis type, size, morphology, coating, and concentration. Most synthesis types rely on the use of synthetic chemicals, which contributes to their toxicity. We present an environmentally friendly method for “green” synthesis of AgNPs from the silver target by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) using citrate as the stabilizing agent. Since AgNPs already have many dental applications, we examined their antibacterial effect against supragingival biofilm-forming bacteria and bacterial strains known to cause resistant dental infections. Their impact on human fibroblast cells’ cytotoxicity, proliferation (measured by XTT and Ki-67 immunofluorescence), pro/antioxidant balance, and lipid peroxidation (measured by PAB and LPP) was evaluated. AgNPs1 (21 nm) and AgNPs2 (15 nm) spherical nanoparticles with good overall stability were obtained. The highest tested dose of smaller nanoparticles (AgNPs2) displays not only an effective antibacterial effect against the tested oral bacteria strains but also a pro-oxidant and cytotoxic effect on fibroblast cells. Lower doses do not affect bacterial survival but increase the cell proliferation and metabolic activity and show an antioxidative effect, suggesting that different concentrations display a substantially opposite effect. Compared to larger AgNPs1, smaller AgNPs2 possess more potent biological effects, indicating that size plays a pivotal role in their activity. Such opposite outcomes could be important for their medical application, and high concentrations could be used for the inhibition of dental biofilm formation and resistant dental infections as well as proliferative conditions, while low doses could be beneficial in the treatment of atrophic and inflammatory disorders. Finally, we showed that silver-targeted PLAL, using citrate as a stabilizing agent, produces biologically potent nanoparticles that could have many applications depending on their size and concentration.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.