<p>Observational and modeling studies have suggested that Indonesia among the top plastic polluting countries globally. Data on the presence of plastic pollution are crucial to designing effective plastic reduction and mitigation strategies. Research quantifying plastic pollution in Indonesia has increased in recent years. However, most plastic research to date has been done with different goals, methods, and data formats. In this study, we present a meta-analysis of 85 studies published on plastic pollution in Indonesia to uncover gaps and biases in current research, and to use these insights to suggest ways to improve future research to fill these gaps. Research gaps and biases identified include a clear preference for marine research, and a bias towards certain environmental compartments within the marine, riverine, and terrestrial ecosystems, which are compartments that are easier to quantify such as riverbanks and beaches. Moreover, we identify polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene variants (HDPE, LDPE, PE) to be among the most frequently found polymers in both macro- and microplastic pollution, though polymer identification is lacking in most studies. Plastic research is mostly done on Java (57%). We recommend a shift in ecosystem focus of research towards the riverine and terrestrial environments, and a shift of focus of environmental compartments analyzed within these ecosystems. Moreover, we recommend an increase in spatial coverage across Indonesia of research, a larger focus on polymer characterization, and lastly, the harmonization of methods used to quantify plastic. With these changes, we envision future research that can aid with the design of effective reduction and mitigation strategies.</p>
The batik production by home industries in Central Java, Indonesia, has been creating surface water pollution because of synthetic dyes, and triggers to its replacement by natural dyes. However, the use of natural dye could consumes more water, as the fabric should be immersed into the extract repetitively, which make up to the high of Blue Water Footprint. This study aims to examine the Blue Water Footprint (BWF) of batik production coloured by Myrobalan (Terminalia bellirica Roxb.) extract. An experiment was conducted in a large-scaled batik home industry in Jarum village, Klaten. White block-printed cotton fabrics, Myrobalan extract, and alum and copperas were used for the experiment, while water usage were calculated. The BWF of block-printed batik of both treatments were 156.48-158.70 L/pc or 68.52 L/m 2 of fabric, on average, which is mainly contributed by the dewaxing process. Implementing cleaner production, hence, is central to increase water use efficiency.
I. INTRODUTIONFish is an important source for broiler diets. Fish contain high protein concentration. In Indonesia, fish usually processed to be fish meal. Fish meal was processed from fish harvested from river or sea. In fact, some river and sea in Indonesia contaminated with heavy metals such us lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish happened when it lives in contaminated water with heavy metals. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in broiler usually happened when broiler fed by diets contain fish meal contaminated by heavy metals. Broiler chicken grow through starter phase and finisher phase, they usually raised 28-35 days. The broiler chicken grow well follow the sigmoid curve, hence the growth increase during the starter phase until puberty phase then decline until zero point when the slaughter weight obtain. Feed cost is the highest cost in broiler chicken raising, this cost reach 60-80% from the total cost. Fish meal usually used as the feed ingredient in broiler chicken diet. Fish meal is the protein sources in the broiler diet. However even fish meal rich in protein, sometimes contain heavy metals which essensials and non essentials. This condition happen caused most of FM harvested from the open sea which polluted by industry and ship waste. The utilization of FM contain high Pb and Cd on the diets could bioaccumulate the Pb and Cd content in broiler meat.Previous researchers stated some of fish which live in Nevrata, Croatian river upstream contain Pb, Cd, Hg, and As (Has-Schon et al,. 2006a), further they reported fish which life in "Busko Blato" Lake in Bosnia Herzegovina contain Hg, Pb, Cd,As, Cu, Zn and Cr (Has-Schon et al., 2006b). Arsen also was found in fish which sold at wet market in Norway. Five species of fish and shrimp which live in in Tanjung Karang, Selangor also contain Pb, Ni, and Cd with concentration 0.123±0.064 mg kg -1 ; 0,123 ± 0,064 mg/kg; 0,467 ± 0,473 mg kg-1 on average wet weight respectively (Lihan et al., 2006). The research was done by Rahman (2006) found that some shrimps contain from 7.14±1.1 to 13.25 ± 2.2 mg kg -1 . Carp fish was catched from Jakarta coastal contain (Muara baru, Muara kamal, Muara karang and Muara Angke ) also contain Cr from 1.602 ± 0,039 to 5.606 ± 0,925. That fish also contain Zn from 102. 032 ± 6.615 to 158.134 ± 12.93 (Ratnawati et al., 2008). The study was conducted to determine the bioaccumulation of Pb and Cd on Broiler chicken fed by difference diets contain fish meal from the area. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS A. MaterialsDay old chick of Broiler chicken strain unsex Arbor Arces (CP 707) with weight 45.12 ± 3.52 g/head on average produced by PT. Central Proteina Prima Semarang were used in the study. To conduct lead and cadmium level, after broiler were slaughtered, the leg, wing and breast of chicken were analized. The heart, liver, gizard and ileum and feces were analized The broiler chicken were raised for 6 weeks. And the level of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in the parameter were compared with the standard of IAEA. Th...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.