Inkjet printing presents a high potential for cost reduction of electronic devices manufacturing due to the capacity to deposit materials with high precision, less material waste, and large-scale production through the roll-to-roll printing processes. In this work, a nanostructured TiO2 ink was developed using TiO2 aerogel and an alkaline aqueous solution, which resulted in a very stable suspension. A high-intensity ultrasonic mixer was used to fragment and disperse TiO2 aerogels producing suspensions with particles smaller than 200 nm, which are suitable for the inkjet printing process. For the development of the ink, the viscosity and surface tension were adjusted by using glycerol and a surfactant (Triton X-100). The influence of those components on the properties of the ink was evaluated for different concentrations. After formulation of the inks, the printing parameters were adjusted to optimize the process. Films with high surface area and less than 100 nm grain size were successfully produced. Electrical measurements revealed a resistive-like behavior with the sheet resistance increasing with number of printed layers.
This study reports the polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) in bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) membranes impregnated with manganese oxide (MnO2). Prior to polymerization, nanosized MnO2 is synthesized in situ using H2SO4 and KMnO4. PPy is then polymerized in situ in the MnO2 impregnated BNC membranes via chemical oxidation using copper chloride dihydrate (CuCl2·2H2O) as the oxidizing agent using two different concentrations of pyrrole (Py): 0.04 and 0.08 mol L−1 with a 1:4 molar ratio of Py/CuCl2·2H2O. Assembled symmetric supercapacitor devices exhibit specific capacitances as high as 1073 mF cm−2 (259 F cm−3) and a capacitance retention of 99.5% after 1000 cycles, which show that the combination of BNC membranes with a conductive polymer and a metallic oxide can be promising as an electrode for energy storage devices.
This work reports the one-step synthesis of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) incorporated with polypyrrole (PPy) by chemical in situ polymerization of pyrrole (Py) using CuCl2·2H2O as both oxidant agent and functional component, varying the concentration and molar ratio. Electrical, morphological, and physical-chemical properties of these nanocomposites were investigated. The results revealed that with the increase of Py concentration and molar ratio, the nanocomposites presented traces of copper chloride and copper oxide as shown by Raman and XRD analysis. The quality of bacterial cellulose nanofibers coating by the polymer and the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites was directly affected by those variables. The combination of the conducting polymer with the oxidant agent offers possibilities for different applications such as electronic devices and sensors.
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