ResumoPaíses periféricos apresentam especificidades na dinâmica de suas taxas de câmbio e juros e na condução de sua política econômica que nem sempre são consideradas pela teoria econômica convencional. As distintas moedas nacionais têm usos e status diferenciados na economia mundial, gerando padrões igualmente diferenciados na demanda por essas moedas e nos fluxos de capitais que entram e saem dos países emissores. Este artigo baseia-se na hipótese de que essa diferença no posicionamento das moedas no Sistema Monetário Internacional (SMI) -que caracteriza a "hierarquia monetária" -constitui o elemento central de explicação das peculiaridades verificadas no comportamento das taxas de câmbio e juros e, ao fim, na condução da política econômica dos diversos países, tendo influência, portanto, sobre as possibilidades de desenvolvimento econômico desses países. O objetivo deste artigo, portanto, é entender o comportamento diferenciado das taxas de câmbio e juros dos países periféricos, relacionando-o às características do SMI. Palavras-chave:Moedas periféricas; Liquidez internacional; Taxa de câmbio; Taxa de juros; Política econômica. Abstract The hierarchy of currencies and its implications for peripheral countries exchange and interest rate dynamics and economic policyPeripheral countries have a specific dynamics on their exchange and interest rates and on the conduction of their economic policy that is rarely considered by conventional economic theory. National currencies have different status and usages in world economy, engendering different standards for these currencies demand and for the capital that flows to or from the issuer countries. This paper is based on the hypothesis that these different places currencies occupy on the International Monetary System (IMS) -that characterizes the "hierarchy of currencies" -constitute the central element to explain the peculiarities of the exchange and interest rates paths and, finally, on
Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC) technology offers interesting opportunities in the panorama of a larger penetration of renewable and distributed power generation, namely high electrical efficiency at manageable scales for both remote and industrial applications. In order to optimize the performance and the operating conditions of such a pre-commercial technology, an effective synergy between experimentation and simulation is fundamental. For this purpose, starting from the SIMFC (SIMulation of Fuel Cells) code set-up and successfully validated for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells, a new version of the code has been developed for IT-SOFCs. The new release of the code allows the calculation of the maps of the main electrical, chemical, and physical parameters on the cell plane of planar IT-SOFCs fed in co-flow. A semi-empirical kinetic formulation has been set-up, identifying the related parameters thanks to a devoted series of experiments, and integrated in SIMFC. Thanks to a multi-sampling innovative experimental apparatus the simultaneous measurement of temperature and gas composition on the cell plane was possible, so that a preliminary validation of the model on local values was carried out. A good agreement between experimental and simulated data was achieved in terms of cell voltages and local temperatures, but also, for the first time, in terms of local concentration on the cell plane, encouraging further developments. This numerical tool is proposed for a better interpretation of the phenomena occurring in IT-SOFCs and a consequential optimization of their performance.
Regional seismic reflection profiles and well data from the Uruguayan margin were integrated in order to analyse and illustrate its tectonic and stratigraphic evolution. The evolution of the Punta del Este and Pelotas basins is divided into four major phases: pre-rift (Palaeozoic); rift (Jurassic–Early Cretaceous); transition (Barremian–Aptian) and post-rift (Aptian–Present). Each of these phases is characterized by a specific structural configuration and a stratigraphic architecture related to basin type, tectonic elements, sediment supply and base-level changes. During the geological evolution of the Uruguayan continental margin, a NE migration of depocentres occurred. The Cretaceous depocentre is located in the Punta del Este Basin, while the Cenozoic depocentre is located in the Pelotas Basin.
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