This study provides a comparison of fermentation conditions for the production lipases by Fusarium sp. (Gibberella fujikuroi complex) isolate FCLA-MA-41 in submerged (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) using agro-industrial residues. To assess SmF, a univariate study of seven carbon sources (crambe, corn, linseed, olive, palm (dendê), soybean oils and chicken fat) and four nitrogen sources (ammonium sulfate, sodium nitrate, urea, yeast extract) was performed. The relationship among the concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources, Triton X-100 and yeast extract was studied using a Central Composite Design (CCD). To assess SSF, different residues (sugarcane bagasse) and oil-seed meals (castorbean, corn, crambe, soybean) with additional supplements added (minimum salts, seed oils) were examined. Based on the CCD matrix, a medium containing crambe oil (17.5 mL/L), Triton X-100 (5 g/L), ammonium sulfate (5 g/L) and yeast extract (1 g/L) was proposed, resulting in a lipase titer of 3.0 AE 0.25 U/mL. The cost/production relationship was 7.73% less expensive than SmF with corn oil. SSF produced a maximum lipase titer of 5.0 AE 0.25 U/gds on crambe meal moistened with phosphate buffer. The best cost/enzyme activity estimate was for SSF with crambe meal as substrate in only distilled water (87.27% less expensive than SmF).
The effects of soybean and castorbean meals were evaluated separately, and in combinations at different ratios, as substrates for lipase production by Botryosphaeria ribis EC-01 in submerged fermentation using only distilled water. The addition of glycerol analytical grade (AG) and glycerol crude (CG) to soybean and castorbean meals separately and in combination, were also examined for lipase production. Glycerol-AG increased enzyme production, whereas glycerol-CG decreased it. A 2(4) factorial design was developed to determine the best concentrations of soybean meal, castorbean meal, glycerol-AG, and KH2PO4 to optimize lipase production by B. ribis EC-01. Soybean meal and glycerol-AG had a significant effect on lipase production, whereas castorbean meal did not. A second treatment (2(2) factorial design central composite) was developed, and optimal lipase production (4,820 U/g of dry solids content (ds)) was obtained when B. ribis EC-01 was grown on 0.5 % (w/v) soybean meal and 5.2 % (v/v) glycerol in distilled water, which was in agreement with the predicted value (4,892 U/g ds) calculated by the model. The unitary cost of lipase production determined under the optimized conditions developed ranged from US$0.42 to 0.44 based on nutrient costs. The fungal lipase was immobilized onto Celite and showed high thermal stability and was used for transesterification of soybean oil in methanol (1:3) resulting in 36 % of fatty acyl alkyl ester content. The apparent K m and V max were determined and were 1.86 mM and 14.29 μmol min(-1) mg(-1), respectively.
Natural rubber latex (NRL) from Hevea brasiliensis presents interesting characteristics in biomedical research due to its ability to stimulate angiogenesis, cellular adhesion and formation of extracellular matrix. A broad spectrum antibacterial agent used in skin infection is Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP). It is a fluoroquinolone employed to treat different bacterial infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative microorganism. The aim of the present study is to promove Original Research Article
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