Acute gastroenteritis is one of the main causes of mortality in humans and young animals. Domestic and mainly wild animals such as bats, small rodents and birds are highly diversified animals in relation to their habitats and ecological niches and are widely distributed geographically in environments of forest fragmentation in some areas of the Amazon, being considered important sources for viruses that affect humans and other animals. Due to the anthropical activities, these animals changed their natural habitat and adapted to urbanized environments, thus representing risks to human and animal health. Although the knowledge of the global diversity of enteric viruses is scarce, there are reports demonstrating the detection of rotavirus in domestic animals and animals of productive systems, such as bovines and pigs. The present study investigated the prevalence of Rotavirus A in 648 fecal samples of different animal species from the northeastern mesoregion of the state of Pará, Brazil, which is characterized as an urbanized area with forest fragments. The fecal specimens were collected from October 2014 to April 2016 and subjected to a Qualitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR), using the NSP3 gene as a target. It was observed that 27.5% (178/648) of the samples presented positive results for RVA, with 178 samples distributed in birds (23.6%), canines (21.35%), chiropterans (17.98%), bovines (14.6%), horses (8.43%), small rodents (6.74%), pigs (3.93%) and felines (3.37%), demonstrating the circulation of RVA in domestic animals and suggesting that such proximity could cause transmissions between different species and the occurrence of rearrangements in the genome of RVA as already described in the literature, associated to the traces of environmental degradation in the studied areas.

os biscoitos apresentaram-se aptos para o consumo não apresentando riscos a saúde do consumidor, atestando a eficiência e higiene na elaboração do produto. Na avaliação sensorial os biscoitos obtiveram uma boa aceitabilidade, demonstrando assim, que é possível transformar matérias primas de baixo valor agregado em produtos diferenciados e nutricionalmente ricos.

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In this paper, a new, simple and sensitive method for arsenic determination in soil is proposed. This is based on the reduction of silver (I) and iron (III) ions by arsine followed by a complexation reaction of iron (II) with the spectrophotometric reagent Br-PADAP 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-di-ethylaminophenol. Arsenic determination with a Sandell's sensitivity of 3.1 10-4 cm-2, linear range from 0.1 µg ml-1 to 2.0 µg ml-1 (r560 = 0.9995), molar absorptivity of 2.45 10(5) l mol-1 cm-1 and a concentration detection limit of 1.4 ng ml-1 (3s) were obtained using a 10 ml sample volume. Selectivity was increased with the use of EDTA as a masking agent. The proposed method was applied for arsenic determination in the presence of several ions amounts in digested soil samples. The results revealed that antimony (III), mercury (II), germanium (IV), platinum (IV) interferes at all analyzed proportions. The interferences can be easily removed by the use of EDTA. Precision and accuracy obtained were satisfactory with a R.S.D. < 5 %. Recovery of arsenic in soil samples varied from 95.55 to 102.70 % with a mean of 99.63 %. These results demonstrated that the proposed method is applicable for arsenic analysis in different soil samples.

In this paper, a new, simple and sensitive method for arsenic determination in soil is proposed. This is based on the reduction of silver (I) and iron (III) ions by arsine followed by a complexationreaction of iron (II) with the spectrophotometric reagent Br-PADAP 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-di-ethylaminophenol. Arsenic determination with a Sandell’s sensitivity of 3.1 10-4 cm-2, linear range from 0.1 μg ml-1 to 2.0 μg ml-1 (r560 = 0.9995), molar absorptivity of 2.45 105 l mol-1 cm-1 and a concentrationdetection limit of 1.4 ng ml-1 (3s) were obtained using a 10 ml sample volume. Selectivity was increased with the use of EDTA as a masking agent. The proposed method was applied for arsenicdetermination in the presence of several ions amounts in digested soil samples. The results revealed that antimony (III), mercury (II), germanium (IV), platinum (IV) interferes at all analyzed proportions.The interferences can be easily removed by the use of EDTA. Precision and accuracy obtained were satisfactory with a R.S.D. < 5 %. Recovery of arsenic in soil samples varied from 95.55 to 102.70 % with a mean of 99.63 %. These results demonstrated that the proposed method is applicable for arsenic analysis in different soil samples.

This study aimed to detect picobirnavirus (PBV) in the fecal samples of wild and domestic animals from 2014 to 2016 in the Amazon biome. For detection, Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) and RdRp gene based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) preceded by Reverse Transcription (RT) were used. Subsequently, statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square G test and nucleotide analyses for the construction of the phylogenetic tree. A total of 258 fecal samples from different animals, including birds (n=41) and mammals (n=217) were used. The PAGE test showed negativity for PBV genome in all samples while in the RdRp gene based RT-PCR test 32 samples showed amplification, corresponding to 12.4% (32/258) positivity. Among the positive samples, mammals, including pigs and cats, both with 28.12% (9/32), registered the highest frequencies, and in birds, the positivity was 4.9% (2/41). In phylogenetic analysis, eight sequences from positive samples grouped in the genogroup 1 of PBV (GI). The statistical test was significant for PBV in relation to the groups of animals studied (birds, mammals, and rodents), and in relation to the cities of origin of the samples, with a value of p <0.05. Nucleotide analysis demonstrated similarity among the feline group, but the absence of a defined structure between the clades. PBVs are highly widespread viruses that can affect the most diverse types of hosts in the Amazon biome.

Serum samples from 89 equids were analyzed (75 horses, 9 donkeys, and 5 mules) from the municipality of Viseu, Pará state, Brazil. Samples were collected in November 2014 and August 2015. The antibody prevalence against the following alphaviruses was estimated: Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, Mucambo virus, and Mayaro virus. Seroprevalence was determined by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) technique. Sera that exhibited HI antibodies with heterotypic reactions for the analyzed viruses were subjected to the 90% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT 90 ). The HI prevalence of monotypic reactions to EEEV was 7.9%, and that of WEEV was 1.1%, as confirmed by PRNT 90 . Viral isolation attempts were negative for all tested blood samples. Our results suggest the circulation of equine encephalitis complex viruses. Future studies should evaluate the possible involvement of arthropod hosts and residents in the viral transmission in the study area.