²Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum km 12, Caixa Postal 533, 79804-970, Dourados-MS. Autor para correspondência: Luciano dos Reis Venturoso (luck_rv@hotmail.com) Data de chegada: 10/04/2010. Aceito para publicação em: 17/01/2011. 1702 ABSTRACTThe formation of an ecological conscience and the search for the preservation of the environment have generated the need to test natural products, targeting an alternative control of plant pathogens. In this way aimed at evaluating the potential of ten aqueous extracts on t he in vitro d evelopm ent of phyt opa thogeni c fu ngi . Were conducted six experimental trials in a completely randomized design with 11 treatments and 10 replications for each assay. The treatments consisted of crude aqueous extracts of garlic, rue, cinnamon, clove, horsetail, eucalyptus, mint, jabuticaba, melon-of-são-caetano and neem in the concentration of 20%, more the control treatment (only PDA). The trials were carried out with the fungus Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Cercospora kikuchii, Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium solani and Phomopsis sp. The extracts were filtered in paper wathman nº 1, put in the water bath at 65ºC for 1 hour, incorporated in PDA medium and after poured into Petri dishes, transferred to mycelial discs of pathogens (0.3 cm of diameter). Was determined the mycelial growth of the colony, the percentage of inhibition and the rate of growth of fungi. It was observed that the PDA medium containing the extracts of clove, garlic and cinnamon showed most antifungal activity on the plant pathogens, when compared to other extracts used, highlighting for the extract of clove, which inhibited the development of all pathogens tested. sp., Cercospora kikuchii, Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium solani e Phomopsis sp. Os extratos foram filtrados em papel wathman nº 1, colocados em banho maria a 65°C, durante 1 hora, incorporados em meio BDA e após vertido em placas de Petri, transferiu-se discos de micélio dos patógenos (0,3 cm de diâmetro). Foi analisado o crescimento micelial da colônia, a porcentagem de inibição e a taxa de crescimento dos fungos. Observou-se que os meios de cu lt ura c on ten do os ext rat os de c ra vo-da -ín di a, alho e ca nela apresentaram maior atividade antifúngica sobre os fitopatógenos, quando comparados aos demais extratos utilizados, destacando o e x t r a t o d e c r a v o -d a -í n d i a , q u e i n i b i u c o m p l et a m e n t e o desenvolvimento de todos os fitopatógenos testados.Nas últimas décadas a exploração da atividade de compostos secundários de plantas tem se tornado uma alternativa no controle de fitopatógenos com potencial ecológico para substituir o emprego de produtos sintéticos, por meio da utilização de subprodutos de plantas medicinais como extrato bruto e óleo essencial, uma vez que apresentam, em sua composição, substâncias com propriedades fungicidas e/ou fungitóxicas (15). Esses compostos possuem a vantagem de serem geralmente menos prejudiciais ao homem e ao meio ambiente, d...
Na cultura do milho, as podridões de espigas causadas por fungos destacam-se por resultarem em perdas na produção e na qualidade dos grãos colhidos, principalmente devido à formação de "grãos ardidos". Além desta deterioração, que ocasiona perda nutricional, alguns fungos podem provocar contaminação, pela produção de micotoxinas. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a influência da aplicação do fungicida azoxistrobina + ciproconazol via foliar e de épocas de aplicação na presença de fungos, em grãos colhidos de três híbridos, em duas épocas de semeadura (safra de verão e safrinha). Foram realizados ensaios de campo, dispostos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com tratamentos constituindo-se da combinação de épocas de semeadura x híbridos x épocas de aplicação (2x3x5). As aplicações dos fungicidas foram realizadas nos estádios V8, V8 + pré-pendoamento, pré-pendoamento e R1, mais uma testemunha sem aplicação. Realizou-se a colheita manual das parcelas, e amostras de grãos de cada parcela foram submetidas à análise de qualidade sanitária, pelo método do papel filtro (Blotter test), com congelamento. A realização de duas aplicações (V8 + pré-pendoamento), via foliar, do fungicida azoxistrobina + ciproconazol (300,0 mL ha-1 + 0,5% de óleo mineral), ou uma aplicação em pré-pendoamento, resultou em menor incidência do fungo Fusarium sp., nos grãos colhidos nas duas épocas de semeadura.
Two soybean cultivars, one conventional and a glyphosate-tolerant (transgenic), were submitted to the water stress and the chlorophyll a fluorescence induced by UV light was monitored daily during 16 days. In this work, 40 pots in total, 20 per cultivar were used in the investigation. Each cultivar was divided in two groups, the control group and the group submitted to the water stress. The stress response of the cultivars was monitored by red to far-red fluorescence ratio. The data indicate that the water stress induced the earliest changes on the fluorescence ratio and chlorophyll content for the conventional cultivar. In addition, a comparative analysis of the fluorescence ratios of the cultivars reveals that conventional plants have higher chlorophyll content than transgenic ones. This result might be useful in the development of methodologies able to distinguish conventional to transgenic apart.
Additional keywords: white mold, transmission, seed pathology ABSTRACT transmission were evaluated. According to the obtained results, the addition of mannitol to the PDA medium, at the osmotic potentials -0.3, -0.6 and -0.9 MPa, as well as NaCl, -0.3 and -0.6 MPa, does not limit the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum; the solutes used until the osmotic potential -0.9 MPa did not interfere in the germination of soybean seeds. Satisfactory infection levels were obtained with 24 hours of incubation in culture medium with water restriction. The viability of both the seeds and the pathogen is maintained after the storage of seeds inoculated in medium with water restriction.
The main phytosanitary problem related to soybean in Brazil is Asian soybean rust. Fungicide use is an effective measure to control this disease. Substances added to the solution, such as adjuvants, can influence the fungicide efficacy. In the crop seasons 2008/09 and 2009/10, we tested the effect of six adjuvants (Assist , Aureo , Break Thru , Joint , Natur´l Oil and Silwet ) added to picoxystrobin+cyproconazole, besides a control (without fungicide) and a standard control (Nimbus ), totaling eight treatments. For the disease evaluation, leaflets were collected from the upper, medium and lower thirds of the crop, and the number of lesions and uredinia per leaflet was observed in the three central lines of each plot, in addition to the disease incidence. v.38, n.3, p.204-210, 2012. were used to evaluate the volumetric median diameter (VMD), the number median diameter (NMD), the coefficient of variation of droplets (CV), the density of droplets, the recovered volume (L ha -1 ) and the area covered by the fungicide solution (%). In both crop seasons, there was no effect of the tested adjuvants on the disease control efficiency compared to the standard control (fungicide + Nimbus ), which indicates that they can be used as an alternative. In the 2009/10 crop season, the adjuvant Aureo provided the lowest values of VMD, NMD, CV, recovered volume and covered area, while the treatments providing the highest values were Assist, Joint, Nimbus and Silwet. No symptoms of phytotoxicity were observed associated with the addition of any tested adjuvant. Entre os principais fatores que limitam a obtenção de altos rendimentos em soja estão as doenças. Os danos anuais na produção devido as doenças são estimados em cerca de 15% a 20%, entretanto, Joint , Natur´l Oil e Silwet ) adicionados a picoxistrobina + ciproconazol, além da testemunha (sem fungicida) e da testemunha padrão (Nimbus ), totalizando oito tratamentos. Para avaliação da doença, foram coletados folíolos nos terços superior, médio e inferior da cultura, observando número de lesões e urédias por folíolo nas três linhas centrais de cada parcela e incidência da doença. Na safra 2009/10, durante a segunda aplicação, foram Nascimento, J.M. do; Gavassoni, W.L.; Bacchi, L.M.A.; Zuntini, B.; Mendes, M.P.; Leonel, R.K.; Pontim, B.C.A. Associação de adjuvantes à picoxistrobina+ciproconazol no controle da ferrugem asiática da soja. Summa Phytopathologica, v.38, n.3, p.204-210, 2012. u tiliza d os p a pe is h idr os s en síve is, a v alia nd o -s e o d iâ me tro d a mediana volumétrica (DMV), o diâmetro da mediana numérica (DMN), o coeficiente de variação de gotas (CV), a densidade de gotas, o volume recuperado (L ha -1 ) e a área coberta pela calda fungicida (%). Nas duas safras não houve efeito dos adjuvante s testados sobre a eficiência de controle da doença quando comparados à testemunha padrão (fungicida + Nimbus ), podendo ser usados como alternativa. Na safra 2009/10 o adjuvante Aureo proporcionou menores valores de DMN, DMV, CV, volum...
Palavras-chave: Allium sativum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Syzygium aromaticumABSTRACT: Influence of different sterilization methods on the antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of medicinal plants. Three experiments were conducted in the Laboratory of Phytopathology of Federal University of Grande Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, to evaluate in vitro the antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of garlic, cinnamon and clove subjected to different processes of disinfection and/or sterilization against the development of Fusarium solani. The experimental design for each trial was completely randomized, with 5 treatments and 8 replicates. Aqueous extracts at a concentration of 20% were subjected to the methods of filtering (FI), water bath at 65ºC (WB), autoclaving at 100ºC (AT1), autoclaving at 120ºC (AT2) and control treatment (PDA alone). Subsequently, the extracts were incorporated into PDA medium, added to Petri dishes, to where F. solani mycelium discs of 0.3cm diameter were transferred. Then, the plates were incubated at 25ºC with 12-h photoperiod. The treatments were analyzed as to mycelial growth of the colony, percentage of inhibition and growth rate of F. solani. Increased fungal growth was observed for the control treatment, demonstrating the antifungal potential of the extracts. The sterilization method influenced the efficiency of garlic and cinnamon extracts. For garlic, FI led to the best results, whereas for cinnamon extract there were no differences among the methodologies FI, WB and AT1. The different methods used did not interfere with the efficiency of the aqueous extract of clove.
RESUMO Com o objetivo de avaliar in vitro o efeito de diferentes concentrações de extratos vegetais sobre o crescimento de Cercospora kikuchii. Fusarium solani. Colletotrichum sp. e Phomopsis sp., foram conduzidos quatro bioensaios experimentais, no Laboratório de Fitopatologia da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados. Foi adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 3 x 6, com 8 repetições para cada bioensaio. Foram utilizados extratos aquosos de alho, canela e cravo-da-índia, nas concentrações de 0; 0,5; 1; 5; 10 e 20%. Para obtenção dos extratos foram coletadas 30 g do material vegetal e trituradas em 120 mL de água destilada. Os extratos foram filtrados em papel Wathman nº 1 e incorporados ao meio BDA, de modo a obter as concentrações desejadas. Posteriormente, a solução foi vertida em placas de Petri, onde foram transferidos discos de micélio do patógeno, de 0,3 cm de diâmetro. Em seguida, as placas foram incubadas a 25º C, com fotoperíodo de 12 horas. Foi analisado o crescimento micelial da colônia fúngica. Os resultados revelaram que o efeito do extrato aquoso de canela para todos os patógenos estudados, e do extrato de alho para F. solani. Colletotrichum sp. e Phomopsis sp. foi dependente das concentrações utilizadas, constatando-se maior atividade antifúngica com o aumento das concentrações. Verificou-se com o uso do extrato de cravo-da-índia maior eficácia no controle dos fitopatógenos testados, sendo observada supressão sobre o crescimento de Colletotrichum sp., Cercospora kikuchii, .. solani e de Phomopsis sp. a partir das concentrações de 7,4, 7,5, 8,9 e 7,0%, respectivamente. O extrato aquoso de alho, na concentração de 9,7%, apresentou efetivo controle apenas sobre C. kikuchii.
The objective of this work was to study the yield performance and to determine the gross income of arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft), cultivar Amarela de Carandaí, grown in monoculture as well as in intercropping with the Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.), cultivar Todo Ano (A-JBO) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.), cultivar Lisa Preferida (A-P). Arracacha and the Japanese bunching onion were vegetatively propagated, while parsley was propagated by seeds. The Japanese bunching onion was first harvested 87 days after the planting (DAP), with resprouts harvested 154 and 212 DAP. Parsley was first harvested 105 days after the sowing (DAS), and, resprouts, 171, 212, and 268 DAS. Arracacha was harvested 268 DAP. At the harvest carried out 212 DAP, the Japanese bunching onion plants in monocrop significantly exceeded those in intercropping in 1.73 cm height and 0.99 t ha-1 commercial fresh mass (CFM). In parsley, the CFM yield in monocrop significantly exceeded the intercropping figures in 0.63, 0.66, and 0.72 t ha-1 at harvests carried out respectively 171, 212, and 268 DAS. Plant height and CFM of the Japanese bunching onion and parsley increased after every new harvest, except in parsley, for plant height 171 DAS and CFM 268 DAS. No significant differences were found in any of the evaluated characteristics when arracacha as single crop was compared to the A-JBO intercropping arrangement. Nevertheless, the A-P intercropping arrangement significantly reduced all characteristics in relation to the other systems, except for yield of non-commercial arracacha roots. A-JBO intercropping arrangement was viable (LER = 1.49) and therefore may be employed by farmers. A-P intercropping, on its turn, was unfeasible (LER = 0.97).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.