Purpose Innovation ecosystems can emerge and grow organically, but the process can also be managed through conscious intervention. Therefore, this study observes different motivations and expectations for each group of actors. The lack of alignment between actors could have a negative influence on the development of innovation ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the coordination strategies of the actors throughout the life cycle of innovation ecosystems. Design/methodology/approach This study develops and proposes a model for coordinating innovation ecosystems based on the theoretical backgrounds of the ecosystem life cycle and ecosystem coordination. Findings This study argues that each stage of an innovation ecosystem’s life cycle – inception, launching, growth and maturity – demands different coordination strategies. Initially, networks are simpler and thus the coordination issues are less difficult. However, as the ecosystem evolves and the complexity of the networks increases, a more sophisticated strategy, such as orchestration or choreography, is needed. Research limitations/implications This is a theoretical study that recommends further research to test this model. Practical implications The understanding of coordination and stages of the life cycle of an innovation ecosystem can guide actors in the design of strategies for developing of ecosystems. Social implications The proposed framework could support strategies to engage civil society in actions to develop innovation ecosystems. Originality/value This study presents a framework to understand the coordination strategies better, considering the stages of an innovation ecosystem’s life cycle.

Purpose-This paper aims to explore innovation in geographic business networks and to propose a model of cluster innovation capability. The premise is that innovation is a necessity for firms and inter-firm relationships is an option for it to occur. Among these relationships, clusters stand out, with studies showing that firms in clusters tend to be more innovative. Design/methodology/approach-Thus, we conducted an exploratory study of two clusters: the emerging cluster of Alto do Camaquã, in Brazil, and growing cluster of Sisteron, in France. The cases were analyzed based on elements previously established in the literature: context; collective strategy; public policy; commercialization; pro-activity; external relationships; transmission; collaboration; assimilation, transformation, and application of knowledge; governance; infrastructure; financial and human resources. Findings-We obtained a model of cluster innovation capability, composed of strategic management, relationships and learning, technological and marketing development, and operational management. Originality/value-The proposed model is a dynamic model as capabilities vary in their intensities according to the development stage of the cluster and its maturity time.

Objective of the study: The present study aimed to answer the following question: How are resources orchestrated to generate innovation in innovation ecosystems?Methodology/Approach: An exploratory qualitative research was conducted through documentary analysis, non-participant observation, and in-depth interviews with actors from two Brazilian ecosystems in different stages of development: 4th District (emerging) and Porto Digital (growth).Originality/Relevance: Innovation ecosystems can be understood as a set of resources that foster innovation. Current research suggests that even more important than resources is the articulation among them and the way they are orchestrated.Main Results: It was found that resource pooling characterizes the transition moment from the emergency stage to the growth stage.Theoretical/ Methodological Contribution: A direct relationship between resource orchestration and the stage of ecosystem development was identified.Social/Management Contribution: The importance of the orchestration role, as well as the presence of an orchestrating actor, was emphasized, and a framework of analysis on the orchestration of resources in innovation ecosystems was proposed.

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