Background: Primary splenic torsion occurs when there is a splenic vascular pedicle rotation without association of other diseases, as the Gastric Dilatation Volvulus (GDV). Accessory spleen consists in a splenic tissue fraction independent from main organ, caused by a spleen defect in the embryonic development, most remaining asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. They have their own blood supply, which is usually from a branch of the splenic artery. Present report represents a primary splenic torsion with the accessory spleen finding in a dog. Case: A 7-year-old female mongrel was referred to Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, showing pain and firm consistency in the left abdominal region, prostration and inappetence four days before the medical appointment. At the clinical examination, the patient was alert, 7% dehydration, hypocorous mucous membranes, without alteration in lymph nodes, left abdominal pain. Laboratory tests, chest radiographic and abdominal ultrasound was requested. Two images compatible with splenic image were visualized, one with a regular structure without vascularization suggesting splenic torsion and another with homogeneous parenchyma and echogenicity of the normal spleen, with vascularization signal. The animal was referred to the surgical procedure and the anesthetic induction protocol with propofol (6 mg/kg -1 ) and ketamine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg -1 ) and maintenance with total intravenous anesthesia with propofol (0.2-0.4 mg/kg -1 / min) and lidocaine (2 mg/kg -1 ), in a semi-closed loop and spontaneous ventilation. The pre-retro-umbilical incision in the ventral midline was performed, and the exploratory celiotomy was done. During the cavity exploring, a small amount of free fluid and a structure compatible with the spleen were observed. It was noted that the splenic vascular pedicle was twisted around its axis and the gastroesplenic and splenocolic ligaments were also involved. The stomach maintained its position, size and vascularization. Thus, an isolated or primary splenic torsion was characterized. The exploratory laparotomy was recommended, and the total splenectomy was the treatment of choice. The accessory spleen did not demonstrate vascular damage; therefore, was advocated the zeal in handling to preserve your integrity. Discussion: Isolated splenic torsion is a rare occurrence in dogs. A retrospective study was performed with 60 dogs presenting with non-traumatic hemoperitoneum, in which only three cases presented splenic torsion. Usually, twisting occurs in large or giant breed dogs with deep chest conformation. The etiology of splenic torsion is not well established. Primary splenic torsion is considered emergency surgery, and the prognosis is considered favorable. The literature shows no relation between the presence of the accessory spleen and the occurrence of primary splenic torsion, but both occur due to congenital defects, both of which may be correlated in this case. The accessory spleen is characterized by a defect in the embryo...
A nicotina é uma substância encontrada no tabaco e seus derivados, apresentando poucos relatos na literatura relacionados à intoxicação em cães. A toxicose na espécie pode ocorrer devido à proximidade com humanos, principalmente com tutores fumantes, tornando-se inevitável o contato com essa substância. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão bibliográfica sobre intoxicação por nicotina em cães. Para o estudo foi realizado a pesquisa de artigos indexados nas bases científicas PubMed, SciELO, portal de periódicos CAPES e Scopus, no recorte temporal de 1998 a 2020, utilizando-se os seguintes descritores: cães, nicotina, tabaco e intoxicação. A partir dos estudos elencados obteve-se como resultados: quais produtos derivados da nicotina foram mais descritos na literatura, a sua dose letal e os sinais clínicos relacionados à toxicose. Concluiu-se que a nicotina é uma substância muito perigosa para cães e que apesar da sua gravidade existem poucos estudos sobre abordagem clínica e emergencial em casos de intoxicação por nicotina.
Resumo. O desvio portossistêmico ou shunt portossistêmico é uma afecção comumente vista em cães. Essa doença se trata de uma anomalia vascular que faz comunicação entre a circulação sistêmica e a circulação portal. Devido à essa comunicação vascular anômala, o sangue portal proveniente da drenagem de órgãos como estômago, intestino, pâncreas e baço, passa diretamente para a circulação sistêmica, desviando do fígado que é responsável pela desintoxicação de diversas substâncias. Por conseguinte, o paciente irá manifestar inúmeros sinais clínicos com possível envolvimento neurológico ou somente sistêmico em decorrência do acúmulo das toxinas no sangue. O tratamento de eleição para o shunt portossistemico é a ligadura do vaso anômalo, à qual o anel constritor ameroide será o mais abordado nesse artigo.
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