Fusarium spp. has been associated with a broad spectrum of emerging infections collectively termed fusariosis. This review includes articles published between 2005 and 2018 that describe the characteristics, clinical management, incidence, and emergence of these fungal infections. Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum are globally distributed and represent the most common complexes. Few therapeutic options exist due to intrinsic resistance, especially for the treatment of invasive fusariosis. Therefore, the use of drug combinations could be an important alternative for systemic antifungal resistance. Increase in the number of case reports on invasive fusariosis between 2005 and 2018 is evidence of the emergence of this fungal infection.

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Fusarium is an emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes local or systemic infections. The successful use of a therapeutic drug or combination antifungal therapies against Fusarium spp. are compromised because reports of multidrug resistance are currently frequent. Thus, the development of new antifungal capable of combating multidrug‐resistant Fusarium strains becomes necessary. This study presents the synthesis of seven new allylic selenocyanates and their screening against Fusarium spp. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these compounds ranged from 4 to 64 μg mL−1, with the mechanism of action being related to fungal cell membrane disruption. Specific structural changes, such as widespread thinning along the hyphae, were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The effect of selenocyanates on cell viability and genotoxicity are concentration dependent, however they did not cause mutagenicity in human cells. Five selenocyanates were identified as nonirritant by the ex‐vivo HET‐CAM (Hen′s Egg Test‐Chorioallantoic Membrane) method. Allylic selenocyanates represents a promising alternative in the treatment and prevention of fusariosis.

As dermatofitoses têm ocorrência mundial, sendo mais prevalentes em países de clima tropical e subtropical. Dados epidemiológicos indicam que essas micoses estão entre as infecções fúngicas de maior ocorrência. O quadro clínico mais comum de dermatofitose inclui despigmentação, placas anulares, prurido e perda de cabelo, com lesões tipicamente conhecidas como tineas, ocasionadas por fungos filamentosos dermatofíticos de três gêneros anamórficos: Microsporum, Trichophyton e Epidermophyton. O tratamento das dermatofitoses, em geral, está relacionado ao uso de antifúngicos tópicos e/ou sistêmicos, apresentando como problemática o surgimento de espécies multirresistentes. Esta revisão aborda as dermatofitoses e seus agentes etiológicos de forma aprofundada em aspectos epidemiológicos, apresentando a importância clínica do tema, com ênfase na causa, prevenção, tratamento e prognóstico dessa micose cutânea.