Human fusariosis: An emerging infection that is difficult to treat

Batista, Bruna Gerardon; Chaves, Magda Antunes de; Reginatto, Paula; Saraiva, Otávio Jaconi; Fuentefría, Alexandre Meneghello

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0013-2020

Cited by 74 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…has been noted previously (28). Moreover, Fusarium incarnatum was the most common species among fusariosis cases (3/6), which is unlike previous studies that reported F. solani complex (comprising ∼40-60% of infections), followed by F. oxysporum as the most common species in immunocompromised patients other than COVID-19 (29). Interestingly, we also found D. foeniculina in the BAL sample of one of the CAPMI cases, which is known for being a plant pathogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Pervasive but Neglected: A Perspective on COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Mold Infections Among Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients

et al. 2021

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Background: Recent studies from multiple countries have shown a high prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) among severely ill patients. Despite providing valuable insight into the clinical management of CAPA, large-scale prospective studies are limited. Here, we report on one of the largest multicenter epidemiological studies to explore the clinical features and prevalence of COVID-19-associated pulmonary mold infections (CAPMIs) among mechanically ventilated patients.Methods: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and serum samples were collected for culture, galactomannan (GM), and β-D-glucan (BDG) testing. Patients were classified as probable CAPMI based on the presence of host factors, radiological findings, and mycological criteria.Results: During the study period, 302 COVID-19 patients were admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), among whom 105 were mechanically ventilated for ≥4 days. Probable CAPMI was observed among 38% of patients (40/105), among whom BAL culture of 29 patients turned positive for molds, while galactomannan testing on BAL (GM index ≥1) and serum (GM index >0.5) samples were positive for 60% (24/40) and 37.5% (15/39) of patients, respectively. Aspergillus (22/29; 75.8%) and Fusarium (6/29; 20.6%) constituted 96.5% of the molds isolated. Diaporthe foeniculina was isolated from a COVID-19 patient. None of the patients who presented with CAPMI were treated with antifungal drugs.Conclusion: Despite being prevalent, the absence of appropriate antifungal treatment highlights that CAPMI is a neglected complication among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs. CAPMI can be caused by species other than Aspergillus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Pervasive but Neglected: A Perspective on COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Mold Infections Among Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, Fusarium sp. has been reported among the emerging causes of opportunistic mycoses in humans and animals [38,39].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Season and House Microclimate on Fungal Flora in Air and Broiler Trachea

et al. 2021

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Fungi are present in abundance in poultry housing. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of season and microclimate parameters in poultry housing on fungal flora in the air and broiler trachea in commercial fattening conditions. The study was conducted in summer and winter. Study results indicated seasonal impact and association between fungal flora composition in housing air and broiler trachea. However, the total fungal count in housing air was significantly higher in summer and in broiler trachea in winter, both significantly correlated with indoor relative humidity and ammonia concentration. There was no significant correlation between outdoor and indoor air temperature, relative humidity and airflow rate, respectively. Study results suggested that environmental determination of fungi should be accompanied by their determination in broilers. In addition, seasonal impact on fungal contamination should be associated with microclimate conditions in the poultry house rather than the season itself. The fungi detected and the results obtained have implications not only for broiler health but also for the health of humans working in such environments.

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“…Defects in innate immune responses, including neutropenia, alveolar macrophage dysfunction, and mutations in STAT3 (resulting in autosomal dominant hyper IgE syndrome) and impaired NAPDH oxidase activity facilitate the development of pulmonary, and in some cases invasive, aspergillosis (8), whereas mutations in the gene for CARD9 (signaling adaptor protein for the C-type lectin receptor) results in increased susceptibility to many types of fungal infection, including dermatophytosis (9,10). The reasons for the increased incidence of fungal infections over recent decades are beyond the scope of this manuscript and readers are directed to several excellent reviews on the subject (3,4,7,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Fungi are ubiquitous throughout nature and we are constantly exposed to these microbes from the environment via inhalation, ingestion or on epithelial surfaces including the skin and mucosae (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Inspiration: Antifungal Peptides and Other Immunotherapeutics From the Host Immune Response

Mercer

O’Neil

2020

Front. Immunol.

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The purpose of this review is to describe antifungal therapeutic candidates in preclinical and clinical development derived from, or directly influenced by, the immune system, with a specific focus on antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Although the focus of this review is AMP with direct antimicrobial effects on fungi, we will also discuss compounds with direct antifungal activity, including monoclonal antibodies (mAb), as well as immunomodulatory molecules that can enhance the immune response to fungal infection, including immunomodulatory AMP, vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, interferon and colony stimulating factors as well as immune cell therapies. The focus of this manuscript will be a non-exhaustive review of antifungal compounds in preclinical and clinical development that are based on the principles of immunology and the authors acknowledge the incredible amount of in vitro and in vivo work that has been conducted to develop such therapeutic candidates.

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Human fusariosis: An emerging infection that is difficult to treat

Cited by 74 publications

References 59 publications

Pervasive but Neglected: A Perspective on COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Mold Infections Among Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients

Pervasive but Neglected: A Perspective on COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Mold Infections Among Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients

Effects of Season and House Microclimate on Fungal Flora in Air and Broiler Trachea

Innate Inspiration: Antifungal Peptides and Other Immunotherapeutics From the Host Immune Response

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