Type 2 diabetes can be managed with the use of diabetes self-management skills.Diet and exercise are essential segments of the lifestyle changes necessary for diabetes management. However, diet recommendations can be complicated in a world full of different diets. This review aims to evaluate the evidence on the effects of three popular diets geared towards diabetes management: low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diet, vegan diet, and the Mediterranean diet. While all three diets have been shown to assist in improving glycaemic control and weight loss, patient adherence, acceptability, and long-term manageability play essential roles in the efficacy of each diet.
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that requires several daily self-management decisions and complex care activities. Clinical management of diabetes and teaching patients diabetes self-management skills are necessary for optimal type 2 diabetes control. Diabetes self-management education (DSME) and support require time and resources. While there is a plethora of education material for health care professionals to use, very few guides compile the information in a practical way to relay the information to the patient. This quick guide to DSME has been developed to give physicians and their staff the tools to teach basic type 2 diabetes self-management skills in three 15-minute clinic visits.
Background: Diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) and medical nutrition therapy (MNT) have been proven to improve patient outcomes. However, many patients rely on their physician solely for diabetes education despite referrals for diabetes education outside of the physician’s office. Objective: Our aim was to optimize type 2 diabetes management in a family practice clinic by providing patients with individualized DSMES and MNT by a Registered Dietitian inside of the family practice clinic. Methods: A random sample of 40 charts was chosen from the electronic medical records of patients with type 2 diabetes completing DSMES and individualized MNT with a Registered Dietitian. Data was extracted from a retrospective chart review on hemoglobin A1C levels before and after appointments with the Registered Dietitian in the family practice clinic from September 2015-November 2015. Analyses were used to assess frequency of patients decreasing their hemoglobin A1C levels, which reveals good glycemic control. Results: A paired sample t test was performed (n=40). The results revealed that post DSMES and MNT Hemoglobin A1C values (M = 6.84%, SD ± 1.0) were significantly lower than the pre DSMES and MNT Hemoglobin A1C values (M = 7.17%, SD ± 1.3), t (40) = 2.89, p < 006. Conclusions: Many healthcare professionals can give dietary advice to patients, but Registered Dietitians are trained to provide individualized nutrition therapy to patients. Combining the knowledge of the physician and registered dietitian can help patients to reach optimal diabetes control in order to prevent or minimize complications. Research has demonstrated a 1% decrease in Hemoglobin A1C levels result in a 21% reduction in diabetes associated mortality, a 14% reduction in myocardial infarction, and a 37% reduction in microvascular complications. Disclosure B.H. Chester: Employee; Self; Huntsville Hospital Diabetes Control Center, Wayne G. Stanley, MD, PC, Boston Heart Diagnostics. W.G. Stanley: Other Relationship; Self; Wayne G. Stanley, MD, PC. G. Thangiah: None.
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