Human and animal studies imply that sleep is a critical period for consolidation of recent memories. Whereas the majority of researchers focussed on the procedural learning, the present human study concerns how storing of spatial information and episodic memory are linked to sleep stages. Two city mazes, a simple and a complex one, were created by means of a computer program. Local aspects of these mazes appeared as street scenes on a TV-screen. Our subjects sat in front of the screen and manoeuvered through the maze by the help of a three-button PC mouse. Thus, each subject took a 'mental walk' through an imaginary city. The task was to find various end-points and to find the way back to the starting point. Subjects of two experimental groups 'walked' through either the simple or complex city maze for eight hours. Afterwards the subjects slept in our laboratory, where their sleep stages could be measured polygraphically. Subjects who had explored the simple maze showed considerable alteration in sleep architecture. They remained significantly longer in sleep Stage 2 than subjects who had explored the complex maze. Moreover, with successful orientation in the simple maze sleep stages occurred aperiodically, whereas walking through the complex maze was associated with sleep stages in accordance with ultradian cycles, as observed in a control group. Compared to subjects of the control group who had experienced neither maze, the subjects of both experimental groups had significantly enhanced EEG sleep spindle activities. Alteration in temporal architecture of sleep and selective prolongation of sleep Stage 2 following spatial orientation point to a functional linkage between cognitive mapping of space and sleep Stage 2 with enhanced EEG spindle activity.
Der Band dokumentiert die Beiträge zum 23. Kolloquium der Wolfram von Eschenbach-Gesellschaft, das vom 19. bis zum 23. September 2012 in Tübingen stattfand. Die Basisfragen der Tagung waren folgende: Worin liegt die andauernde Produktivität des Perceval/Parzival-Stoffes Stoffes begründet, welche Motive und Episoden fordern zur wiederholten Auseinandersetzung heraus und von welchen Erzählverfahren und poetologischen Reflexionen geht eine besondere Faszination aus? Die 17 Aufsätze stellen Wolframs Parzival-Roman im europäischen Kontext in den Mittelpunkt und fragen nach stoff- und motivgeschichtlichen, übersetzungs- und transformationsgeschichtlichen, religions- und wissensgeschichtlichen, narrations- und komikgeschichtlichen, aufführungs- und überlieferungsgeschichtlichen Aspekten und Zusammenhängen, um neue Interpretationsmöglichkeiten und Deutungsperspektiven des Werkes zu erschließen. Sie ordnen sich sechs Themenkomplexen zu, die wichtige Seiten der aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung mit den Romanen Chrétiens und Wolframs repräsentieren: Der Parzival-Stoff im gesamteuropäischen Kontext; Übersetzen und Transformieren: Chrétien und Wolfram; Religion und Wissen: Faszinationskerne des Erzählens; Narration und Komik: Prinzipien des Erzählens; Überlieferung und Edition; Rezipieren und Aktualisieren.
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