Skill-based errors in military operations are more prevalent in rotary wing incidents and are related to higher level supervisory processes in the organization. The Cognitive Error Taxonomy provides increased granularity to HFACS analyses of unsafe acts.

Exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) emitted by chainsaws can negatively impact health in forestry workers. This exploratory study measures CO concentration within the breathing zone of chainsaw operators during motor-manual operations, and discusses the potential influences on CO exposure levels. A CO monitoring instrument was paired with a concurrent video recording of task activities to enable correlation of exact working operations to critical exposure levels. Multiple streams of meteorological data were also collected from sensors worn by the eight professional tree fellers/log makers. Time-weighted averages were applied to investigate levels of CO exposure during a nominal 1-hr monitoring period. The differing task demands and environment were found to influence worker exposure to CO, supporting previous research. Pending further investigation, a number of possible actions are recommended to reduce observed high exposure levels and/or emission concentration.

The experience of fatigue is common to all human beings, since fatigue is a naturally occurring state of being. In occupational settings, fatigue can pose a threat to people, equipment, the environment, and corporate reputations. Although significant progress has been made in terms of understanding the causes of, and solutions for, worker fatigue, a great deal of complexity remains. This complexity is partly related to the fact that individuals are different in many ways (e.g., in terms of their genetically determined sleep need) and because of the general biological, psychological, and social components of personal fatigue. This chapter focuses on key fatigue-related principles, terminology, example frameworks, and key issues now and in the foreseeable future. The challenges for industry relate to both opportunities and potential threats, such as automation, fatigue-monitoring technologies, staffing levels, cultural differences within the workforce, and the remote locations of many operations. With evidence-based program development and evaluation, enhanced fatigue management can deliver improvements in safety, compliance, operational flexibility, worker satisfaction, and other relevant metrics. The lustre of diamonds is invigorated by the interposition of darker bodies; the lights of a picture are created by the shades. The highest pleasure which nature has indulged to sensitive perception is that of rest after fatigue.-Samuel Johnson (1825, p. 319) T he human experience of fatigue is as old as humanity itself, since fatigue is a naturally occurring state of being. Since the 19th century, the concept of worker fatigue in occupational settings has been researched and documented. Initial comprehensive accounts, most with a focus on physical aspects, have been clearly summarized (see 573947R EVXXX10.