The rise in U.S. deportations has resulted in a growing number of studies
focused on the reintegration experiences of these migrants in their home
communities. Based on interviews with deportees shortly after their arrival
home, these studies paint a picture of economic gloom, finding that deportees
are too frequently stigmatized by governments and employers and consequently
unemployed or working on the margins of their home economies. In contrast, our
longitudinal and comparative study, which draws on the findings of 93 deported
and voluntary migrants in Leon, Mexico, finds convergence in the labor market
trajectories and social mobility outcomes of deportees and non-deportees, which
reduces initial labor market disparities over time. We found that deportation
can stymie migrants’ initial labor market re-entry, often relegating
former migrants to undesirable jobs in the informal labor market, while they
re-familiarize themselves with their local labor markets and identify promising
opportunities. Yet, in the long run, successful reintegration depends primarily
on the acquisition and mobilization of human and financial capital across the
migratory circuit.
This chapter explores how land tenure impacts households’ resilience and adaptive capacity in the face of a changing climate. Following a review of the ways in which climate change adds pressure to land availability and natural resources, the chapter highlights how land tenure can constrain individuals’ options to adapt to shifting environmental conditions. An exploration of a case study of protracted drought in an agricultural region of Bolivar, Colombia, demonstrates how landlessness, socioeconomic vulnerability, and confusion regarding complicated land tenure policies in a post-conflict environment guided families’ resilience strategies and adaptive capacities. This case demonstrates that it is necessary to nuance understandings of (in)secure tenure to include local knowledge of land policies and precarious tenure claims as predictors of adaptive capacities in vulnerable, climate-stressed regions.
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