El objetivo de este artículo es adaptar y validar la Escala de Apoyo Social Subjetivo (EASS, de Vaux et al., 1986), a la vez que describir su estructura factorial. Esta escala está compuesta por 10 ítems distribuidos en dos dimensiones: apoyo familiar y apoyo de los amigos. Se examinan las propiedades psicométricas de la escala y la dimensionalidad de la misma en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios chilenos (N = 681). Los resultados indican que el EASS constituye un instrumento fiable (α = .86) y válido para la medición del apoyo social subjetivo. Las dimensiones de la EASS obtienen entre sí una correlación significativa y moderada (r = .41; p < .001). Las cargas factoriales para los ítems en el análisis factorial confirmatorio fluctuaron entre .40 y .93, mostrando buenos índices de ajuste para el modelo de dos factores de primer orden correlacionados (CFI = .97, TLI = .93, RFI = .97, IFI = .97, NFI = .96 y RSMEA = .08). Palabras clave: Apoyo social subjetivo, apoyo familiar, apoyo de amistades, propiedades psicométricas
A self-report quality of life questionnaire, was constructed for patients with leg ulcers. The content of the questionnaire was derived from patient conversations. The first version was completed by 33 patients and refined using standard psychometric procedures. The final version measured functional limitations and emotional reactions and was used to quantify quality of life deficits in a group of 50 patients. Although some functional limitations, such as pain impairing mobility or dressing management restricting holidays, were caused directly by the ulcer, many restrictions were due to patients adopting an avoidance strategy to minimise the risk of future leg ulcers. Such strategies included staying away from crowded shopping places and children. Functional limitations and emotional reactions were intercorrelated. Approximately one-third of patients in the final sample reported substantial functional limitations and negative emotions because of their ulcer. The nurses' perceptions of whether the ulcer was healing were similar to those of the patients. Self-care behaviour was unrelated to level of pain or quality of life.
This paper reports the healing rates of venous leg ulcers in a community setting (Exeter and District Community Health Services NHS Trust) using the Charing Cross four-layer compression system. We report on 514 venous leg ulcers and show healing rates of 40% at 12 weeks, 50% at 17 weeks, 57% at 24 weeks and 80% predicted at 2 years. Patients were treated in one of 16 community leg ulcer clinics or in their homes. Nurses were allowed to use this system only after full training by the leg ulcer management service. Nurses had to prove their competence in leg ulcer assessment, Doppler measurement and the technique of four-layer compression. Even in patients whose leg ulcers did not heal, it was felt that the four-layer compression system was comfortable, convenient and cost effective with only weekly changes of bandages being necessary.
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