Traceability relationships help stakeholders understand the many associations and dependencies that exist among software artifacts created during a software development project. The extent of traceability practice is viewed as a measure of system quality and process maturity and is mandated by many standards. This paper introduces model traceability, reviews the current state of the art, and highlights open problems. One issue that impedes wide adoption of traceability is the overhead incurred in manually creating and maintaining relationships. We review the latest research advancements that address this issue through the automatic discovery of trace relationships. Model-driven development provides new opportunities for establishing and using traceability information. We discuss automatic generation of trace information through transformations and the use of traceability relationships to maintain consistency and synchronize model artifacts. We conclude with a discussion of the implementation and utilization challenges that lie ahead. INTRODUCTIONModels are used in software development to manage complexity and communicate information to many stakeholders. There are models for business processes, system requirements, architecture, design, and tests. Each model has its own notation, representation, tools, and users. Thus developers, tools, artifacts, and processes are largely isolated and only weakly integrated. Interconnections are largely implicit, opening the door for inconsistencies and making it difficult to propagate change. End-toend integration can make these relationships explicit and maintain traceability information throughout.

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A Spirituality Interest Group (SIG) was set up in in the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Republic of Ireland (ROI), in March 2013. This paper reports on some of the journey and requirements involved in developing the group. It highlights the essential work of establishing agreed understandings in an objective way in order for the group to move forward with action. These agreed understandings have contributed to the group's success. Outlining the group's journey in arriving at agreements may be of use to others considering creating similar groups. One key action taken to determine the suitability of the group's aims and terms of reference was the distribution of a Survey Monkey to group members (n = 28) in 2014. One early meeting of the group discussed future goals and direction using the responses of this anonymous survey. This paper reports on the results of the survey regarding the establishment of the SIG and the development of a shared understanding of spiritual care among the members. There is consensus in the group that the spiritual care required by clients receiving healthcare ought to be an integrated effort across the healthcare team. However, there is an acceptance that spirituality and spiritual care are not always clearly understood concepts in practice. By developing shared or at least accepted understandings of spirituality and spiritual care, SIG hopes to be able to underpin both research and practice with solid foundational conceptual understanding, and in the process also to meet essential prerequisites for achieving the group's aims.

Cyberbullying is a risk associated with the online safety of young people and, in this paper, we address one of its most common implicit forms -negation-based forms. We first describe the role of negation in public textual cyberbullying interaction and identify the cyberbullying constructions that characterise these forms. We then formulate the overall detection mechanism which captures the three necessary and sufficient elements of public textual cyberbullying -the personal marker, the dysphemistic element, and the link between them. Finally, we design rules to detect both overt and covert negation-based forms, and measure their effectiveness using a development dataset, as well as a novel test dataset, across several metrics: accuracy, precision, recall, and the F1-measure. The results indicate that the rules we designed closely resemble the performance of human annotators across all measures.

In this paper we explore from a synchronic perspective the GET construction of Modern Irish and the GET construction in the contact language Irish English. These productive GET constructions have two core senses ('HAVE' and 'BECOME'). There are no morphosyntactic indicators to identify either sense yet a language user of Irish or Irish English will have no difficulty unpacking the correct meaning. There is a constructional indicator. One sense is that of a simple recipient construction (non-passive) whereas the other is more passivelike in that the subject=undergoer of the construction undergoes a change of state. A result state is an outcome of the verbal action but it is not always expressed with a resultative adjective. The state is elaborated by the second argument of the verb. In functional models of grammar we expect the verb to project an argument structure and reflect an associated semantics based on the verb's lexical entry but we provide instances where a constructional perspective seems best to explain the behavior of this particular GET verb and its meaning in a clausal construction. We claim that the GET construction of Irish English and the GET construction of Modern Irish are related within a synchronic perspective, reflecting a unique cognitive perspective on bilingual lexicon architecture and the role of constructions. We provide an account of both language constructions and argue that a characterization grounded within functional account (Van Valin 2005) with a robust lexical constructional perspective (Goldberg 1995;Michaelis 2006; Van Valin 2005;Nolan 2011c), that mediates the relationship between lexicon and construction, best explains the relationship between these constructions across the two languages.

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