BackgroundThe prevention of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) in beef cattle is important to maintaining health and productivity of calves in feeding operations.ObjectiveDetermine whether BRD bacterial and viral pathogens are susceptible to the lactoperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/iodide (LPO/H2O2/I−) system in vitro and to determine whether the oral administration of sodium iodide (NaI) could achieve sufficient concentrations of iodine (I) in the respiratory secretions of weaned beef calves to inactivate these pathogens in vivo.AnimalsSixteen weaned, apparently healthy, commercial beef calves from the University of Missouri, College of Veterinary Medicine teaching herd.MethodsIn vitro viral and bacterial assays were performed to determine susceptibility to the LPO/H2O2/I− system at varying concentrations of NaI. Sixteen randomly selected, healthy crossbred beef weanlings were administered 70 mg/kg NaI, or water, orally in a blinded, placebo‐controlled trial. Blood and nasal secretions were collected for 72 hours and analyzed for I− concentration.ResultsBovine herpesvirus‐1, parainfluenza‐3, Mannheimia haemolytica and Bibersteinia trehalosi were all inactivated or inhibited in vitro by the LPO/H2O2/I− reaction. Oral administration of NaI caused a marked increase in nasal fluid I concentration with a C max = 181 (1,420 μM I), T12, a sufficient concentration to inactivate these pathogens in vitro.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn vitro, the LPO/H2O2/I− system inactivates and inhibits common pathogens associated with BRD. The administration of oral NaI significantly increases the I concentration of nasal fluid indicating that this system might be useful in preventing bovine respiratory infections.

Brief Communication Mycoplasmas are commonly associated with pneumonic and arthritic lesions in goats. 5,15,16 Retrospective examination of University of Missouri Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (VMDL) case records involving PCR 11 testing of mycoplasmosis in goats produced 77 records, exclusive of the cases described herein. Samples submitted from lung, joints, conjunctiva, genital secretions, milk, and blood were tested over a 13-y period (2005-2018). Of these, 45 (58%) yielded a positive result, and 8 of these were sequenced to identify the species. Detected Mycoplasma organisms were identified as M. ovipneumoniae (5 cases), M. conjunctivae (2), and M. bovoculi (1). None of the M. mycoides group (clade 4) of mycoplasmas was detected by the assay during this period. Over a 3-y period, a caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV)-free, 45-doe, multiple breed, dairy goat herd experienced an increased incidence of joint swelling and lameness in young goats. Results of an initial postmortem examination on a 3-wk-old kid in 2015 revealed fibrinosuppurative synovitis involving multiple joints and pleuropneumonia. Bibersteinia trehalosi and α-hemolytic Streptococcus spp. were isolated. Treatment with florfenicol (Nuflor, 40 mg/kg, every 4 d; Merck, Kenilworth, NJ) was partially successful for other members of the herd. The problem abated during the summer and autumn, but reoccurred in kids born into the flock the following spring. During 2016, 14 of 55 kids were observed with lameness and one or more swollen joints, as well as fever (40.3-40.8°C). Six kids were submitted for postmortem examination during this second year. During 2017, a single 3-wk-old goat kid was examined with numerous swollen joints and suspected sepsis. In total, 8 goats, 1-3 wk of age, were submitted for postmortem examination (Table 1). The farm had a divided system of husbandry for the ~100 goat kids born annually. Male kids were allowed to remain 835243V DIXXX10.1177/1040638719835243Caprine Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri infectionJohnson et al.

Five Japanese Black embryo transfer calves from a single embryo flush, 30 to 45-days-old, including 4 live animals for clinical examination and 1 dead for necropsy, were presented with a history of decreased milk intake and hypoproteinemia. Consistent clinicopathological abnormalities in the 4 calves presented for clinical evaluation included hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia, increased creatine phosphokinase activity, and proteinuria. Four calves ultimately were necropsied and all had histologic evidence of immune complex glomerulonephritis. Glomerulonephritis in these calves was hypothesized to have resulted from the interaction of passively acquired antibodies at birth and active immunization at 7 and 28 days of age with a Salmonella Typhimurium core antigen vaccine.