Conductive oxide thin films: Model systems for understanding and controlling surface plasmon resonance Attenuated-total-reflection predictions to surface-plasmon resonance in a layered structure J. Appl. Phys. 98, 053708 (2005); 10.1063/1.1991977 High resolution surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 4656 (1999); 10.1063/1.1150128Detection of surface-plasmon evanescent fields using a metallic probe tip covered with fluorescence Rev.

Barium titanate thin films have been prepared by chemical solution deposition on 18 µm thick, industry standard copper foils in the absence of chemical barrier layers. The final embodiment exhibits randomly oriented BaTiO 3 grains with diameters between 0.1 and 0.3 µm, and an equiaxed morphology. The average film thickness is 0.6 µm and the microstructure is free from secondary or interfacial phases. The BaTiO 3 films are sintered in a high temperature reductive atmosphere such that copper oxidation is avoided. Subsequent lower-temperature, higher oxygen pressure anneals are used to minimize oxygen point defects. Permittivities of 2500 are observed at zero bias and room temperature, with permittivities greater than 3000 at the coercive field. Loss tangents under 1.5% are demonstrated at high fields. The BaTiO 3 phase exhibits pronounced ferroelectric switching and coercive field values near 10 kV/cm. Temperature dependent measurements indicate a ferroelectric transition near 100 • C with very diffuse character. Combining the approaches of the multilayer capacitor industry with traditional solution processed thin films has allowed pure barium titanate to be integrated with copper. The high sintering temperature-as compared to typical film processing-provides for large grained films and properties consistent with well-prepared ceramics. Integrating BaTiO 3 films on copper foil represents an important step towards high capacitance density embedded passive components and elimination of economic constraints imparted by traditional noble metallization.

Ba 0.6 ,Sr 0.4 )TiO 3 (BST) films were deposited on copper foils by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. By the use of controlled pO 2 high-temperature anneals, the films were completely crystallized in the absence of substrate oxidation. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed an abrupt Cu/BST interface. The deposited BST films exhibit a zero bias permittivity and loss tangent values of 600 and 0.018, respectively. An electrical tunability ratio of 3.5:1 is observed on these metal-insulator-metal devices. Devices show leakage currents of 10 À8 A/cm 2 at 710 V/lm, and loss tangents as low as 0.003 in fields approaching 40 V/lm. J ournal

The thermodynamic properties of hydrogen bonding among lactams with ring sizes n \ 4, 5 and 6 were investigated using infrared spectroscopy of the fundamental NÈH stretching frequencies of both the monomer and dimer species. The results are consistent with a predominantly monomerÈdimer equilibrium with the dimer having symmetry. The thermodynamic properties (in for the four-, Ðve-and six-membered C 2 CCl 4 ) lactam rings are (at 25 ¡C) \ 12.4(9), 24(6) and 25(3), (kJ mol~1) \ [30(2), [30(1) and [28(2) and K d *H d (J mol~1 K~1) \ [79(4), [74( 3) and [67(5), respectively (precisions in parentheses). The experimentally *S d determined thermodynamic properties are compared with ab initio calculations (6È31G** basis set) which represent gas-phase results. The comparison of these two approaches yields a picture which is consistent with the notion that the primary e †ect of ring size is an entropy of solvation e †ect and not the enthalpy of hydrogen bonding between the monomer units.

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