The new species Chrysophyllum pubipetalum from the Brazilian Atlantic forest of Espírito Santo state is described and illustrated. This new species is characterized by the presence of trichomes on both surfaces of the corolla (a character unique in the genus), channeled petioles, a relatively short pedicel length, and various characters of the fruits and seeds. A distribution map and a table distinguishing the new species from morphologically similar species are also included. As based on IUCN criteria, the species is considered critically endangered.
The Atlantic Forest is one of the most threatened biomes in the world. Despite that, this biome still includes many areas that are poorly known floristically, including several protected areas, such as the "Floresta Nacional do Rio Preto" ("Flona do Rio Preto"), located in the Brazilian State of Espírito Santo. This study used a published vascular plant species list for this protected area from the "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil" as the basis to synthesise the species richness, endemism, conservation and new species occurrences found in the "Flona do Rio Preto". The published list of vascular plants was based on field expeditions conducted between 2018 and 2020 and data obtained from herbarium collections available in online databases. Overall, 722 species were documented for the "Flona do Rio Preto", 711 of which are native to Brazil and 349 are endemic to the Atlantic Forest. In addition, 60 species are geographically disjunct between the Atlantic and the Amazon Forests. Most of the documented species are woody and more than 50% of these are trees. Twenty-three species are threatened (CR, EN and VU), while five are Data Deficient (DD). Thirty-two species are new records for the State of Espírito Santo. Our results expand the knowledge of the flora of the Atlantic Forest and provide support for the development of new conservation policies for this protected area.
ResumoChrysophyllum é o segundo maior gênero da família Sapotaceae com 71 espécies conhecidas e distribuídas em sua grande maioria nos Neotrópicos. No Brasil, estima-se a ocorrência de 31 espécies, das quais 14 são endêmicas. Estudos recentes apontaram a ocorrência de nove táxons para o Espírito Santo, no entanto, o reconhecimento e a distinção taxonômica dos mesmos é incipiente. Este estudo apresenta chave de identificação, ilustrações, comentários taxonômicos e informações a respeito dos estados de conservação e da distribuição geográfica de espécies de Chrysophyllum nativas do Espírito Santo. Um total de sete espécies ocorrentes em áreas de Floresta de Tabuleiro, de Altitude e de Restingas foram registradas: Chrysophyllum flexuosum, C. gonocarpum, C. januariense, C. lucentifolium, C. splendens, C. viride e Chrysophyllum sp. nov. Os caracteres mais importantes para a distinção das espécies foram: 1. Vegetativos: formato da folha, indumento foliar e a coloração e densidade do mesmo, a disposição das nervuras secundárias foliares e presença/ausência de lenticelas nos ramos; 2. Reprodutivos: tamanho da corola e indumento nos verticilos reprodutivos, formato e coloração dos frutos. Palavras-chave: Ericales, Floresta Atlântica, Neotrópico, taxonomia. AbstractChrysophyllum is the second largest genus in the Sapotaceae family with 71 known species, which are mostly distributed in the Neotropics. In Brazil, 31 species are recorded, out of them 14 are endemic. Recent manuscripts listed nine taxa as native from Espírito Santo state, however, taxonomic data and the real identity of them is incipient. Thus, herein key identification, illustrations, taxonomic comments, and information about the conservation status and geographical distribution of native Chrysophyllum from Espírito Santo state are provided. A total of seven species were recorded for areas of Tabuleiro Forest, Montane Forest, and Restingas: Chrysophyllum flexuosum, C. gonocarpum, C. januariense, C. lucentifolium, C. splendens, C. viride, and Chrysophyllum sp. nov. The most important characters for specific distinction are: 1. Vegetative: leaf shape, foliar indumentum and coloring and density, secondary leaf vein arrangement, and presence/absence of lenticels on the branches; 2. Reproductive: corolla size and indument in the reproductive verticils, shape and color of the fruits.
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