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The study indicates that services that enhance access to treatment and respond to the range of social service needs of women are important for effective substance abuse treatment for women with children.

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A review of empirical literature reveals improvements in service utilization and outcomes for women when substance abuse and child welfare services are integrated. The increased use of substances by women involved in the child welfare system has resulted in a call for integrated, coordinated, evidence-based practices. Since the late 1990s, specific system-and service-level strategies have been developed to coordinate and integrate the provision of substance abuse and child welfare services such that women are remaining in treatment longer and are more likely to reduce substance use and be reunited with their children. The strategies reviewed provide useful guidelines for developing components of effective, evidence-based programs for substanceinvolved women in the child welfare system. Keywords integrated services; substance abuse; child welfare; wome Estimates of the percentage of parents involved in the child welfare system with serious substance abuse problems range as high as 50-80% and have resulted in a variety of service models and service system modifications to address the problem of parental substance abuse in child welfare. More than 10 years ago, Young, Gardner, and Dennis (1998) outlined the challenges associated with identifying and meeting the service needs of substance abusing parents in the child welfare system. Aspects of the challenges those authors identified remain, but a growing body of evidence now demonstrates that improvements in child welfare service utilization and outcomes result when substance abuse and child welfare services are integrated within the same service setting. Child welfare service systems have identified strategies at both the systems level and the service delivery levels to integrate services, including collaborative working relationships with substance abuse treatment and child welfare administrators and service providers, child welfare worker training to better identify substance abuse problems, processes to facilitate parents' entry and engagement in substance abuse treatment, and working relationships with family courts

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Child welfare practice and decision making center around service plans, but few recent studies have focused specifically on service plans and their use in routine child welfare settings. This qualitative study involving interviews, case record reviews, and court observations illuminates parent and caseworker perceptions about the meaning of service plans and service plan compliance, and about influences on compliance. Parents and caseworkers similarly perceive service plans as directives and service plan compliance as parental task completion and cooperation. But whereas caseworkers perceive a motivation to parent as the primary influence on service plan compliance, parents perceive multiple influences. Findings contribute to ongoing work to develop theories that can explain client service participation and its connection to positive child welfare outcomes.

1. Climate warming is predicted to have large effects on insects, yet several data shortfalls, including distributional information, impede effective conservation strategies. 2. Knowledge of species distributions is a critical component for assessing conservation need but is often lacking for endemic or rare taxa, especially invertebrates. 3. One approach to better inform this gap is by using species distribution modelling (SDM) to predict suitable habitat and guide field surveys. 4. Here, we combine the predictions of two machine learning algorithms, maximum entropy and Random Forest, to estimate the current and future distributions of two endemic dragonflies of the Ozark-Ouachita Interior Highlands region in the southcentral United States. 5. Current suitable areas predicted by both algorithms largely overlapped for each species, but different environmental variables were most important for predicting their distributions. Field validation of these models resulted in new detections for both species showing their utility in guiding subsequent field surveys. 6. Future projections under two climate change scenarios support maintaining current suitable areas as these are predicted to be strongholds for these species. Our results suggest that combining outputs of multiple species distribution models is a useful tool for better informing the distributions of geographically limited or rare species.