A major impediment to recovering declining populations successfully is the mortality of reintroduced or translocated animals. We generally assume that captive-born animals may lose their antipredator behaviour abilities in captivity, but studies rarely compare predator recognition abilities of captive-born and wildcaptured animals to test this. To identify whether predator discrimination abilities of the critically endangered Vancouver Island marmots Marmota vancouverensis were lost in captivity, we presented wild-captured and captive-born marmots with taxidermic mounts of predators (a cougar Felis concolor and wolf Canis lupus) together with control stimuli (marmot, domestic goat Capra aegagrus, the cart on which all stimuli were presented and a 'blank' no-stimulus control). Regardless of specific predator discrimination abilities, for some species overall 'personality' may be associated with response to predators and subsequent survival. Thus, to quantify overall reactivity in the presence of a predator, we also conducted a mirror-image stimulus (MIS) presentation experiment where marmots were videorecorded with or without the presence of a wolf. Marmots discriminated among these stimuli, responding the most to the wolf and cougar. The MIS results suggest that marmots varied along a continuum of reactivity. The amount of reactivity was unaffected by the presence of a wolf, and was correlated with our highest level of responsiveness (vigilance at the burrow and time within the burrow) to the wolf. Taken together, we conclude that marmots differentiate predators from nonpredators and that this ability has not been lost under the conditions in which they have been reared.

Hadrosaurid (duck-billed) dinosaur bonebeds are exceedingly prevalent in upper Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) strata from the Midwest of North America (especially Alberta, Canada, and Montana, U.S.A) but are less frequently documented from more northern regions. The Wapiti Formation (Campanian–Maastrichtian) of northwestern Alberta is a largely untapped resource of terrestrial palaeontological information missing from southern Alberta due to the deposition of the marine Bearpaw Formation. In 2018, the Boreal Alberta Dinosaur Project rediscovered the Spring Creek Bonebed, which had been lost since 2002, along the northern bank of the Wapiti River, southwest of Grande Prairie. Earlier excavations and observations of the Spring Creek Bonebed suggested that the site yielded young hadrosaurines. Continued work in 2018 and 2019 recovered ~300 specimens that included a minimum of eight individuals, based on the number of right humeri. The morphology of several recovered cranial elements unequivocally supports lambeosaurine affinities, making the Spring Creek sample the first documented occurrence of lambeosaurines in the Wapiti Formation. The overall size range and histology of the bones found at the site indicate that these animals were uniformly late juveniles, suggesting that age segregation was a life history strategy among hadrosaurids. Given the considerable size attained by the Spring Creek lambeosaurines, they were probably segregated from the breeding population during nesting or caring for young, rather than due to different diet and locomotory requirements. Dynamic aspects of life history, such as age segregation, may well have contributed to the highly diverse and cosmopolitan nature of Late Cretaceous hadrosaurids.

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Biomineralised exoskeletons of trilobites are ideal for recording abnormalities, documenting injuries from failed attacks, and understanding predation in the fossil record. The illustration of new injured Cambrian-aged trilobites is particularly important for elucidating aspects of early Paleozoic predator-prey systems and identifying groups that were targets of this early predation. We document six new abnormal trilobite specimens from the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, including the first evidence for injuries on the corynexochid trilobite Hemirhodon amplipyge. These new data highlight the importance of museum collections in uncovering unique and informative specimens for studies of predation on early animals.