Objetivo: identificar a prevalência de lesão por pressão em uma unidade de internação de hospital privado de Minas Gerais. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, transversal, de prevalência. Foi avaliada uma amostra de 169 pacientes internados no referido hospital. Resultados: da amostra de 169 pacientes, nove desenvolveram lesão por pressão, sendo que um paciente desenvolveu três lesões, totalizando 11 lesões na casuística. A prevalência foi de 5,3%. Três lesões foram classificadas como Estágio 1, sete como Estágio 2 e uma como Estágio 3. Conclusão: a taxa de prevalência observada estava abaixo da taxa dos trabalhos referenciados por este estudo. Esse dado pode estar relacionado a treinamento de manejo e prevenção de lesão por pressão, que foi ministrado aos profissionais de enfermagem do hospital em questão, durante o segundo semestre de 2017. Assim, a educação sobre o tema prevenção de lesão por pressão deve ser estimulada nas unidades de internação.Descritores: lesão por pressão, cuidados de enfermagem, prevalência.
Objective: To study the epidemiological profile of Healthcare-associated Infections caused by Enterobacteria which carry the Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase gene (blaKPC) in the hospital environment. Method: A descriptive study was conducted in a private hospital in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, which included all patients with infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae which carry the Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase gene. The data were collected by the Automated System of Hospital Infection Control and analyzed by descriptive statistics by the Epi Info 7 program. Results: Eighty-two (82) patients participated in the study. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequent species (68%) isolated in blood (30%), bronchoalveolar lavage (22%) and urine (18%), while catheter-associated bloodstream infection (30%) predominated regarding topography. A case fatality rate of 62% is highlighted in evaluating the outcome. Conclusion: The resistance genes spread rapidly, limiting the antimicrobial options for treating infectious diseases. The epidemiological profile of Healthcare-Associated Infections found in this study can be prevented by prevention and infection control programs.
Improving water quality and using standard operating procedures for reprocessing catheters can prevent pyrogenic reactions in hospitalized patients.
Justificativa e objetivos: Higienização das Mãos (HM) é uma medida simples e eficaz no combate às Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS). Apesar do esforço feito pelos profissionais do Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (SCIH), o cumprimento das práticas ainda permanece baixo, geralmente inferior a 50%. Por esse motivo, este estudo objetivou avaliar as práticas de HM em três Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital privado de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo de natureza quantitativa, realizado em três UTIs de um hospital privado de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. No período de julho/2016 a julho/2017 foram avaliados todos os documentos de HM do hospital de estudo, totalizando 1.100 observações in loco realizadas pelos enfermeiros do SCIH. Para análise dos dados adotou-se estatística descritiva e regressão linear utilizando o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: A taxa de adesão à HM variou entre 27,3 e 88,2%, com média de 47% (±16,8). O consumo de preparação alcoólica e sabonete líquido obtiveram, respectivamente, uma média de 32 e 47 ml/paciente-dia. Houve correlação positiva entre o consumo de preparação alcoólica e a taxa de adesão (r2=0,49, p=0,01). Conclusão: Os profissionais de saúde ainda necessitam de sensibilização acerca da importância da higiene de mãos para redução das IRAS. Descritores: Higiene das Mãos. Infecção hospitalar. Cuidados Críticos.
Objective: To determine whether the SEIR model, associated to mobility changes parameters, can determine the likelihood of establishing control over an epidemic in a city, state or country. Study design and setting: The critical step in the prediction of COVID-19 by a SEIR model are the values of the basic reproduction number (R0) and the infectious period, in days. R0 and the infectious periods were calculated by mathematical constrained optimization, and used to determine the numerically minimum SEIR model errors in a country, based on COVID-19 data until April 11th. The Community Mobility Reports from Google Maps (<https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility>) provided mobility changes on April 5th compared to the baseline (Jan 3th to Feb 6th). The data was used to measure the non-pharmacological intervention adherence. The impact of each mobility component was calculated by logistic regression models. COVID-19 control was defined by SEIR model R0<1.0 in a country. Results: The ECDC has registered 1,653,204 COVID-19 worldwide on April 11th. Sixteen countries presented 78% of all cases. Of the six Google Maps mobility parameters, the “Stay at home” parameter was the strongest one to control COVID-19 in a country: an increase of 50% in mobility trends for places of residence has a 99% chance of outbreak control. Conclusions: Residential mobility restriction presented itself as the most effective measure. The SEIR model associated with mobility parameters proved to be a useful tool in determining the chance of COVID-19 outbreak control.
Background: Enterobacteriaceae that develop resistance to carbapenems are a family of different types of bacteria that cause hospital-acquired infections. We evaluated the incidence of nosocomial infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in 13 Brazilian hospitals over 25 years from 1995 to 2019. Methods: CRE was defined as Enterobacteriaceae that is nonsusceptible to any of the a carbapenem (doripenem, meropenem, or imipenem) AND is resistant to all of the following third-generation cephalosporins: ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime. Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) were diagnosed according to the CDC NHSN protocols in 13 hospitals from Belo Horizonte, Brazil, between January 1995 to June 2019. Results: In total, 33,922 HAIs caused by Enterobacteriaceae were diagnosed in 25 years across all 13 hospitals. The percentage of CRE varied among hospitals from a minimum of 3% in hospital to a maximum of 30% in hospital E (Fig. 2). The percentage of CRE varied along time as well: for 1995–1999, 0.1% (2 of 1,414) were CRE; for 2000–2004, 0.5% (28 of 5,160) were CRE; for 2005–2009, 2.0% (160 of 8,068) were CRE; for 2010–2014, 11.1% (971 of 8,771) were CRE; and for 2015–2019, 20.2% (2,127 of 10,509) were CRE (Fig. 1). ICU patients and elderly were the most affected by CRE, which has increased lethality, compared to non-CRE Enterobacteriaceae. Conclusions: Over 25 years, CRE percentage increase from almost zero in 1995–1999, to >20% in 2015–2019.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
Objective: To analyze the quality of health in relation to the components of structure, process, and outcome in actions for the prevention and control of infections. Method: An integrative literature review in the LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, and SciELO databases. The time delimitation covered articles published between January 2009 and May 2019. Results: The final sample consisted of 10 articles published, mainly in Scopus (60%), and in Web of Science (30%). The structural elements varied among the study countries, suggesting opportunities for improvement of organizational characteristics and human resources. Regarding the process of the implemented routines, inconsistencies were found to comply with the guidelines. The result component was not emphasized among the studies included in the review. Conclusion: The quality of hospital infection control programs has yet to be improved among the health services, highlighting the need for investment in the structure, process, and outcome components.
Objetivo: Desenvolver aplicativo para avaliação das práticas de higiene de mãos nos serviços de saúde, coletando dados no App e enviando as informações diretamente para formulário do Google Forms, de forma automatizada. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de produção tecnológica contendo desenvolvimento de aplicativo para celular com sistema operacional Android 2.1 ou superior, desenvolvido na plataforma MIT App Inventor (appinventor.mit.edu/) e disponibilizado gratuitamente na Plataforma Google Play. Para avaliação de problemas de usabilidade através da interface com usuário, optou-se pela aplicação da heurística de Nielsen. Resultados: O aplicativo “Hands Clean pode ser acessado em: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=appinventor.ai_coutobraulio.HC_Hands_Clean. Através da avaliação de problemas de usabilidade não foram detectados desvios classificados como catastrófico, grave e simples. Conclusão: O aplicativo mostrou-se uma excelente ferramenta para avaliação das práticas de higienização das mãos, contribuindo para direcionar as ações de prevenção e controle de infecções.Descritores: Aplicativos móveis; Informática em enfermagem; Infecção hospitalar.HANDS CLEAN - AUTOMATIC RATE FOR HAND HYGIENE: DEVELOPMENT OF APPLICATION FOR INFECTION CONTROLLERSObjective: To develop an app to evaluate hand hygiene practices in health services, collecting data in the App and sending the information directly to the Google Forms form, in an automated way. Methodology: This is a technology production survey containing mobile application development with Android 2.1+ operating system, developed on the MIT App Inventor platform and available for free on the Google Play Platform. In order to evaluate usability problems through the user interface, the Nielsen heuristic was applied. Results: Hands Clean app can be accessed at: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=appinventor.ai_coutobraulio.HC_Hands_Clean.Through the evaluation of usability problems no problems classified as catastrophic, serious and simple were detected. Conclusion: The application proved to be an excellent tool to evaluate hand hygiene practices, contributing to better target infection prevention and control actions.Descriptors: Mobile Applications; Nursing Informatics; Cross Infection.HANDS CLEAN - TASA AUTOMÁTICA PARA HIGIENIZACIÓN DE LAS MANOS: DESARROLLO DE APLICACIÓN PARA CONTROLADORES DE INFECCIÓNObjetivo: Desarrollar aplicaciones para evaluar las prácticas de higiene de manos en los servicios de salud, recogiendo datos en la App y enviando la información directamente al formulario de Google Forms, de forma automatizada. Metodologia: Se trata de una investigación de producción tecnológica que contiene desarrollo de aplicaciones para móviles con sistema operativo Android 2.1 o superior, desarrollado en la plataforma MIT App Inventor y disponible gratuitamente en la Plataforma Google Play. Para la evaluación de problemas de usabilidad a través de la interfaz de usuario, se optó por la aplicación de la heurística de Nielsen. Resultados: Se puede acceder a la aplicación "Hands Clean" en: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=appinventor.ai_coutobraulio.HC_Hands_Clean.A través de la evaluación de problemas de usabilidad no se detectaron problemas clasificados como catastrófico, grave y simple. Conclusión: La aplicación se mostró una excelente herramienta para evaluar las prácticas de higienización de las manos, contribuyendo a orientar mejor las acciones de prevención y control de infecciones. Descriptores: Aplicaciones móviles; Informática Aplicada a la Enfermería; Infección hospitalaria.
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