Fusarium stalk rot (FSR) and anthracnose stalk rot (ASR), caused by Fusarium
spp. and Colletotrichum graminicola (Ces.) G.W. Wils. respectively, are the
two most important stalk diseases in maize which increase the incidence of
stalk lodging and reduce grain yield. The aim of the present study was to (1)
evaluate the effect of four cycles of recurrent selection in the Maksimir 3
Synthetic (M3S) maize population on ASR and FSR resistance and (2) to
investigate the correlation among the different disease rating methods. The
experiment included six M3S cycle populations per se and their test-crosses
with a single cross hybrid. ASR resistance was estimated on artificially
inoculated plant rows using three ratings (the number of infected internodes,
the number of internodes rotten more than 75% and evaluation of outer stalk
discoloration) whereas FSR resistance was estimated in artificially
inoculated rows as well as in naturally inoculated rows by rating severity of
disease symptoms on longitudinally cut stalks using the standard resistance
scale. The results of the present study showed that four cycles of selection
in the M3S maize population, conducted primarily for grain yield improvement,
did not significantly affect its resistance to both ASR and FSR. Among the
disease ratings a moderate positive correlation was found only between two
ASR resistance ratings (the number of infected internodes and the number of
internodes rotted more than 75%) in both population per se (r=0.49**) and
population test-crosses (r=0.56**).
In this paper, changes of genetic diversity of the most important maize
inbred lines used for hybrid production within the Bc Institute in the 1970s,
1980s, 1990s and 2000s were examined using the SSR markers. The average
number of alleles per SSR locus was 3.14, 3.43, 3.07 and 3.25 for lines from
1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, whereas the number of private alleles for the
same four decades was 8, 4, 0 and 6, respectively. Mean genetic distance
among inbreds within decades steadily decreased over time from 0.64 in 1970s
to 0.57 in 2000s, but the observed differences were not statistically
significant. The clustering of the studied inbred lines indicates the
exploitation of a known BSSS x LSC heterotic pattern within the Bc Institute
maize breeding program. The overall results show that recycled inbred lines
within these pools do not decline in genetic variation over the past 40
years.
Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum Schw.) is one of the most dangerous fungal diseases in wheat production decreasing grain yield up to 50% or more what depends on both environmental factors and genotype. Testing of inoculated artificially new Bc winter wheat lines for their resistance to FHB was the objective of the study.In 2008 and 2009 two and five lines of tested 12 new ones respectively were shown to be more resistant than Sana cultivar used as a standard. Majority of the winter wheat lines exceeded level of resistance standing out by Bc 7 and Bc 1 and Bc Lira variety as the highest yielding variety was registered by CCVR in 2009.
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