This paper describes the analysis of the efficiency of regenerative braking of two electric vehicles operating in the Rotterdam area. The methodology of this research consists of a real time driving cycle measurement, measuring and modelling the battery pack and modelling the complete drive train of the vehicle. In the last phase, measurements on a rolling road Dyno test bench will be carried out in order to further verify simulation results and to improve the vehicle model.To analyze the efficiency of regenerative braking, we determined the ratio of brake energy and propulsion energy during the driving cycle, the efficiency of propelling the vehicle and the efficiency of converting brake energy into useful energy. The relative energy gain that can be obtained by regenerative braking is the product of these factors.Simulations show that the energy reduction of the vehicles under test can be more than 20% by applying regenerative braking.
The city of Arnhem is known for its trolley busses, which operates in a network of over-head grid lines, leading to zero local emission. However, extending the driving range of the trolley busses beyond the over-head grid network is technically challenging and economically demanding due to the infrastructure requirements. This led to their participation in EUREGIO project e-Bus 2020 IMC. The aim of the project is to develop, design and optimize a hybrid driveline for trolley busses using an additional traction battery. Using the over-head grid network for In Motion Charging (IMC), eliminates the need for a separate charging infrastructure needed for regular electric busses. This paper presents a backward quasi-static modeling approach to estimate the battery capacity for the required range extension. The viability of the battery is verified using a scenario analysis.
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