Objective To study oxidative stress in placental tissue as well as in serum in pre-eclamptic women. Methods Fifty pre-eclamptic cases and fifty normal pregnant women were selected in the study. Thio barbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) was measured as oxidative stress marker and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GSH (reduced glutathione) were measured for assessment of antioxidant status in placental tissue extract and serum. Results TBARS and SOD activity were increased significantly (P \ 0.001) in both placental homogenate and serum in pre-eclamptic women. Level of GSH was not altered much. Conclusion Placental oxidative stress can be assessed by measuring serum oxidative stress markers and this may help in prevention of further progress of this condition.
Context:For any given body mass, Asian Indians have higher central obesity than Europeans. A periodic measurement of body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) is practically more feasible than other parameters of metabolic syndrome by repeated blood collection. However, few studies are available on the relative importance of BMI and WHR as markers of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in schizophrenia patients stabilized on second generation antipsychotics in Indian population.Aim:We conducted the present study on such patients to examine whether BMI or WHR can better predict dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in these patients in a rural area.Settings and Design:The study was a hospital based case control study under rural settings on 38 schizophrenia patients stabilized on olanzapine and 30 matched controls.Materials and Methods:Fasting concentrations of blood glucose, lipid parameters and serum insulin were assessed. Data for Homeostatic model for assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), BMI, and WHR were obtained to assess the insulin resistance, overall body fat distribution and abdominal fat dispensation respectively.Statistical analysis used:‘t’ test was performed to assay any difference in corresponding mean values between cases and controls. Dependence of HOMA-IR on key parameters was assessed by analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) study.Results:Cases exhibited significantly higher values for HOMA-IR, serum triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) with a significantly lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) level. ANCOVA study reflected that irrespective of age and sex, HOMA-IR was dependent on serum triglyceride level and WHR (F=8.3 and 5.7 respectively, P<0.05), but not on BMI (F<0.001, P=0.997).Conclusions:Central obesity could be more closely associated with the pathogenesis of prediabetic state in our case group. So, WHR is a better anthropometric parameter than BMI for an early assessment of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in schizophrenia patients stabilized on olanzapine in our region.
HbE/β-thalassemia is the most common severe form of thalassemia which is very prominent in South East Asian countries. It is responsible for nearly one-half of all the severe types of β-thalassemia all over the world. It is also known to represent a wide range of phenotypic diversity which varies from asymptomatic to transfusion-dependent severe phenotype. The most important predictive factor is mutations within the beta-globin gene (HBB). Apart from the primary genetic modifiers, there are certain other determinants regulating the phenotypic heterogeneity including, co-inheritance of alpha thalassemia mutations and other secondary modifiers including Xmn1 polymorphism, HBS1L-MYB, GATA-1, BCL11A polymorphism, and presence of HPFH mutations. Although the degree of severity is also determined by other tertiary genetic modifiers like increase in serum erythropoietin due to anemia, previous infection with malaria, environmental factors, splenectomy, etc. This review aimed to reveal the potential genetic predictors of HbE/β-thalassemia patients and the probable management strategy. This also enhances the generation of “personalized medicine” for better patient care. The instability of clinical phenotype and remarkable variation indicate careful monitoring of treatment for each patient and the therapeutic approaches should be monitored over time.
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an expanding global health problem. Type 2 DM (T2DM) patients account about 90% of total DM patients. Magnesium is important for different physiological mechanism. Hypomagnesemia is common in T2DM patient. Magnitude of hypomagnesemia is related with glycemic control and is associated with complications of T2DM. Aims and Objectives: Our aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in patients of T2DM patients and to find their correlation with glycemic control and complications of T2DM patients in rural population of eastern zone of India. Materials and Methods: The hospital-based cross-sectional study includes 99 male and female DM patients between 15 and 60 years age. Fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, HbA1c, serum total magnesium, and urine albumin creatinine ratio were measured. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and then analyzed by SPSS (version 25.0; SPSS Inc.) and GraphPad Prism (version 5.0). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: From our study, we observed that hypomagnesemia is common in T2DM patients. The magnitude of hypomagnesemia is correlated with glycemic control (P < 0.0001). Moreover, hypomagnesemia is associated with diabetic kidney diseases (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that serum magnesium should be monitored in all T2DM patients and should be managed appropriately because hypomagnesemia may induce complications in T2DM patients.
INTRODUCTION: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is dened as a disease characterized by alterations in either kidney structure or function or both for a minimum of 3 months duration. According to the National Kidney Foundation criteria, 1 CKD has been classied into ve stages with stage 1 being the earliest or mildest CKD state and stage 5 being the most severe CKD stage. To stage CKD, it is necessary to estimate the GFR rather than relying on serum creatinine concentration. Glomerular ltration rate (GFR), either directly measured by computing urinary clearance of ltration marker such as inulin or estimated by calculating from different equations using serum creatinine. is the most commonly used parameter to assess kidney function. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: a) Establish relationship between serum CKD and eGFR MATERIAL AND METHOD: A Cross-sectional study on 100 cases of newly diagnosed Chronic Kidney Disease patients and matched control subjects is undertaken to study.100 Patients who are newly diagnosed as CKD are selected after proper initial screening. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: In case, the mean eGFR (mean± s.d.) of patients was 25.1500 ± 11.8929. In control, the mean eGFR (mean± s.d.) of patients was 87.2200 ± 17.8295. Difference of mean eGFR in two groups was statistically signicant (p<0.0001). In case, the mean creatinine (mean± s.d.) of patients was 3.6350 ± 2.4419 mg/dl. In control, the mean creatinine (mean± s.d.) of patients was .9435 ± .1317 mg/dl. Difference of mean creatinine in two groups was statistically signicant (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: eGFR was strongly associated with CKD that also statistically signicant. The positive correlation was found in eGFR.
Background: Pre-analytical, analytical, or post analytical variations can induce, change, or alter the tests results. Laboratory errors lead to unnecessary delays in test report and also increased costs by repeat samples which have become a pain to the patients. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine alterations in the concentration of serum sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and ionized calcium (Ca++) concentration with reference to air exposure, time, temperature, and humidity. Materials and Methods: Fifty samples as case and 50 samples as control were included from a normal healthy population in this study. After getting the samples, first readings were taken for case samples and were uncapped and the remaining samples were set aside capped at 24°C, 20% humidity for half an hour and followed by second reading which was taken. Results: Variation in the mean serum sodium between groups is 0.06 mEq/L (0.04%) and 0.08 mEq/L (0.07%) which is very negligible and insignificant (P > 0.05). The mean level of serum K+ in cases is 4.35 mEq/L and in controls is 4.27 mEq/L. After half an hour, the mean level of serum K+ in cases is 4.51 mEq/L and, in controls, is 4.29 mEq/L. Hence, the variation in results in cases is 0.16 mEq/L (3.68%) and in controls is 0.02 mEq/L (0.47%) which is highly significant (P < 0.05). The mean level of serum Ca++ in cases is 1.15 mmol/L and in controls is 1.17 mmol/L. After half an hour, the mean level of serum Ca++ in cases is 1.09 mmol/L and in controls is 1.16 mmol/L. Hence, the variation in results in cases is 0.06 mmol/L (5.22%) and in controls is 0.01 mmol/L (0.85%) which is highly significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Air exposure significantly alters the serum K+ and Ca++ level, but the alteration in serum Na+ level is not significant.
INTRODUCTION: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is dened as a disease characterized by alterations in either kidney structure or function or both for a minimum of 3 months duration. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a type of kidney disease in which there is gradual loss of kidney 1 function over a period of months or years. Early on there are typically no symptoms. Later, leg swelling, feeling tired, vomiting, loss of appetite, or 1 confusion may develop. Complications may include heart disease, high blood pressure, bone disease, or anemia. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: Study of Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in patients of chronic kidney diseases. Search for commonest etiology of hypovitaminosis D in CKD. MATERIALAND METHOD: A Cross-sectional study on 100 cases of newly diagnosed Chronic Kidney Disease patients and matched control subjects is undertaken to study the prevalence of Vitamin D deciency in CKD population and correlation between their serum 25-OH-vitamin D level. 100 Patients who are newly diagnosed as CKD are selected after proper initial screening at Midnapore Medical College, Paschim Medinipur. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: Our study showed that in non-dialysis Syndrome the mean VitD (mean± s.d.) of patients was 25.6620 ± 8.5476. In dialysis the mean VitD (mean± s.d.) of patients was 10.9476 ± 2.6508. Difference of mean VitD in Dialysis vs Non-Dialysis was statistically signicant (p<0.0001). In eGFR 1 (<15) the mean VitD (mean± s.d.) of patients was 11.1130 ± 2.9562. In eGFR2 (15-30) the mean VitD (mean± s.d.) of patients was 24.0750 ± 8.2995. In eGFR3 (31-45) the mean VitD (mean± s.d.) of patients was 26.8296 ± 7.3646. In eGFR4 (>45) the mean VitD (mean± s.d.) of patients was 36.3167 ± 4.9898. Difference of mean VitDin eGFR was statistically signicant (p<0.0001). SUMMARYAND CONCLUSION: Vitamin-D deciency more pronounced in advanced stages of CKD. Vitamin-D deciency was most prevalent in female gender, younger age group and connective tissue disorder. Vitamin-D deciency was more marked in hemodialysis patients compared to non-dialysis CKD patients.
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