Third-party observers (N = 123) learned about a layoff from a newspaper article developed for this study. Two aspects of the layoff procedure were manipulated in the article: (a) the level of input (voice) by layoff victims in the layoff procedure and (b) how the layoff was communicated to the victims. Both variables predicted observers' perceptions of the procedural justice of the layoff. Victim derogation was positively related to observers' procedural fairness of the layoff. Victim derogation also moderated the relationship between the justice manipulations and fairness. Procedural fairness predicted observers' behavioral intentions both as a customer and potential employee.After more than a decade of downsizing, companies in North America continue to restructure. Since 1980, the CEOs of Fortune magazine's top 500 firms have laid off more than 8 million people. More than 85% of these companies have downsized in the last 5 years, and 100% are planning to do so in the next 5 years (Cameron, 1994).Research has shown that how corporations handle layoffs is significantly related to perceptions of fairness on the part of hoth the job-loss victims (Jahoda, 1982) and the survivors (Brockner, 1988;Brockner et al., 1994). To date, however, research has not examined layoffs from the perspective of the third-party observer-a person who is not directly impacted by the layoff but who nonetheless may make fairness judgments of the event. Included in this group are a company's customers, its potential employees, and members of the public.Research on how observers assess and react to the way others are treated has potentially important implications for both the theory and practice of industrial and organizational psychology. At the theoretical level, existing justice

Forgiveness, when thought of as an unsolicited gift, may increase the perceived debt of the transgressor to the victim whereas retribution should reduce it. Male undergraduates participated in a study designed to test this equity interpretation of forgiveness and retribution. Participants were induced to break a piece of electronic equipment during an ostensible memory study; the reaction of the experimenter served as the experimental manipulation. Participants experienced one of forgiveness, retribution, both retribution and forgiveness, or neither, and were then asked to comply with a request from the experimenter as an indirect measure of perceived inequity. Consistent with an equity analysis, a planned contrast analysis indicated that forgiveness alone yielded the most compliance and retribution yielded the least compliance.

Discriminant function analyses were employed to predict institutional misconduct in a sample of 128 incarcerated offenders. Misconduct was divided into two categories: reprimands and behavioral consequences (i.e., early lockups, segregation, monetary penalties, and suspensions). Results indicated that the MCMI-III provides greater predictive utility than does demographic information alone. In the prediction of reprimands, an overall correct classification rate of 79% was obtained using both demographic and MCMI-III data. A correct classification rate of 75% was found in the prediction of misconduct related to more behavioral ramifications. The clinical implications of these results and directions for future research are discussed.

A phenomenon of particular interest to forensic mental health workers, the courts, and police is that of pathological lying or pseudologia fantastica (PF). Unfortunately, PF is an understudied, poorly understood entity. The current diagnostic system captures intentional deception around physical or psychological problems but does not allow for diagnosis around prominent, purposeless deception within other realms (e.g., false accusations). In addition to reviewing the literature around PF, we also report the case of a 22-year-old female who made frequent, dramatic false accusations against others for no apparent reason, and who possessed an unusual ability to convince others to collaborate in her lying. Her lies eventually resulted in a number of people being criminally charged, including a friend being imprisoned for over a year for staging an elaborate abduction, the burning of an apartment building, and the investigation of a small child for arson. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

The various versions of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) are frequently employed in forensic settings to inform decisions regarding the treatment and management of offenders. A paucity of research, however, has investigated the psychometric properties of this instrument with offenders, and no published studies have yet addressed the factorial structure of its most recent edition, the MCMI-III. This study investigated the factorial validity of the MCMI-III in a sample of 159 male, incarcerated offenders. Factor analytic results on the 10 clinical scales revealed two factors, accounting for 70% of the common variance in participants' responses. Factor I (Psychiatric Disturbance) consisted of 8 scales and Factor II (Substance Dependence) was comprised of 3 scales. A 3-factor solution was obtained in the analysis of the 14 personality scales. Factors I (Internalizing; 10 scales), II (Acting Out; 5 scales) and III (Self-Absorption; 3 scales) accounted for a total of 77% of the common variance. The theoretical and clinical implications of these results and directions for future research are discussed. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: