Abstract. This paper presents a joint use of the T 2 chart and total inertial tolerancing for process control. Here, we will show an application of these approaches in the case of the machining of mechanical workpieces using a cutting tool. When a cutting tool in machining impacts different manufactured dimensions of the workpiece, there is a correlation between these parameters when the cutting tool has maladjustment due to bad settings. Thanks to total inertial steering, the correlation structure is known. This paper shows how T 2 charts allow one to take this correlation into account when detecting the maladjustment of the cutting tool. Then the total inertial steering approach allows one to calculate the value of tool offsets in order to correct this maladjustment. We will present this approach using a simple theoretical example for ease of explanation.
Abstract. The Total Inertial Steering approach proposed in this paper can perform an optimum correction of the geometric deviations of the manufactured part with respect to its digital model, from the measured points on its surfaces. In the case of production by machine tool numerical control, there exist a link between the tool offsets and deviations of measured points. An incidence matrix which represents this link is obtained. In most cases, this matrix is not square and therefore not invertible, because there are more measured points as correctors to adjust. The Gauss pseudo-inverse is used to calculate the values of corrections to be made to compensate for measured deviations. Tolerances associated with the surfaces must also be taken into account in the incidence matrix. However, when the same cutting tool machine two surfaces with different point values, the resulting solution favors the one with the highest number of points, at the expense of the other surface which can remain not conform towards its tolerance. This paper proposes a strategy to rebalance the correction surfaces, and this regardless of the number of points and tolerance of each surfaces. A relatively simple tutorial example is given in the paper to enable tracking calculations.
Due to the origins of the very complex and very varied manufacturing uncertainties related to the part/tool/machine system, several researchers have worked to try by different ways to maintain the quality of the processes. Some authors such as Sergent et al., 2010 Tichadou et al., 2007 have attempted to solve the problem of machining defects, by modeling the machining defects by torsors of small displacements presented by Clement and Bourdet, 1988. Others authors, such as Girardin, 2010, sought instead to model the dynamic behavior of the machining system in the case of milling, and used a frequency analysis of the cutting force to monitor the machining process. Similar work in monitoring of the machining by monitoring of tool wear has been done by Huseyin et al., 2004, and monitoring of
Hydrocarbon exploration and production has been successful in the central region of Doba basin, Chad, north-central Africa. In order to optimize the hydrocarbon production in this area, the combination of seismic and well log datas have been processed and analyzed to better characterize, image and capture the reservoirs. The 3D seismic and well log datas were used to obtain the horizon grids, fault polygons, and petrophysical parameters. The results show continuous and divergent horizons which are associated to differential subsidence and thickening of series on the inclined bedrock. The reservoir is an anticlinal structure where the hydrocarbons are trapped, in particular with reservoir levels interposed between the two stratigraphic sequences. Four mayors fault that cross the reservoir have been identified. The calculation of the average percentage of the encountered facies enabled to highlight the high percentage of sands compared to clays and clayey sands. Porosities are uniform in clays and sands in the two out of three wells, and higher in coarse sands. The permeabilities are average in sands and clays, but decrease in the fine sands. The 3-D static reservoir model integrated with structural and petrophysical parameters gives a better understanding of spatial distribution of the discrete and continuous reservoir properties. This work contributes to a future prediction of the reservoir performance, characteristics and production behavior in Doba basin.
The gravity map of Ouaddai in the eastern region of Chad exhibits important anomalies that are often delimitated by the high gravity gradients, resulting from the density contrasts between various anomaly sources. This presumes an important tectonic activity in zone. Because of its arid and desert nature, the region is water-poor or even lacking water resources. The main source of water in the region is made of very deep aquifers. The gravity analysis from this study helps to better understand the network of faults in the area. Many complementary approaches of the gravity data processing have been applied, namely the horizontal gradient coupled to the upward and downward continuation and the Euler method. Results from the data filtring have allowed highlighting faults network in various directions (SSW-NNE S-N E-W, NE-SW) and the main direction. In total, 37 major faults were detected with various lengths including 11 (F6, F9, F10, F12, F17, F29, F31, F34, F35, F37) for a cumulative total length of 353 km oriented towards Bongor basin and 15 others (F1, F4, F7, F8, F11, F13, F18, F20, F23, F25, F26, F27, F28, F30, F33), for a cumulative total length of 621 km, oriented towards Doba basin. These faults are of paramount importance with great potential impacts on the regions hydrocarbon reservoirs. Thise results in one hand confirmed some known faults from the previous investigations. In the other hand, the study helps to identify other new and unknown tectonic signatures.
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